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<p>Monitoring horizontal and vertical displacements in real time plays an important role in preventing disasters, such as landslides and collapse of structures. Geodetic-grade GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers have demonstrated their ability to measure real-time displacements for dynamic events. However, these geodetic receivers are costly. On the other hand, low-cost GNSS receivers have gained popularity due to their high precision. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of these low-cost devices in real-time displacement detection. Then, in this paper it is explored the potential contribution of low-cost high-rate GNSS receivers for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications. Within this context, a real-time displacement detection experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the ZED-F9P low-cost multi-frequency receiver that simultaneously uses GNSS signals. With the implementation of such a receiver, different measurement configurations were set up: 15 multi-GNSS fusions, 4 sampling frequencies (1, 5, 10 and 20&#xa0;Hz) and 4 elevation angles (8, 10, 12 and 15°). Based on the results, the multi-GNSS fusion G + E + C with 12° and a sampling frequency of 5&#xa0;Hz presented the best performance in detecting horizontal displacements with a RMSE of 4&#xa0;mm and a time to fix first ambiguity of 6&#xa0;s. On the other hand, the multi-GNSS fusion G + E with 12° and sampled at 5&#xa0;Hz was able to detect minimum vertical displacements of up to 5&#xa0;mm with an accuracy of ± 2.5&#xa0;mm. The findings reported in this paper demonstrate the ability of low-cost receivers to monitor displacements in real time, making them an ideal tool for monitoring dynamic phenomena.</p>

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Performance evaluation of low-cost high-rate GNSS receivers for detection of horizontal and vertical displacements in real time: an opportunity in structural health monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • J. Rene Vazquez-Ontiveros,
  • Juan L. Cabanillas-Zavala,
  • G. Esteban Vazquez-Becerra,
  • Laura A. Alvarez-Zamudio,
  • J. Ramon Gaxiola-Camacho

摘要

Monitoring horizontal and vertical displacements in real time plays an important role in preventing disasters, such as landslides and collapse of structures. Geodetic-grade GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers have demonstrated their ability to measure real-time displacements for dynamic events. However, these geodetic receivers are costly. On the other hand, low-cost GNSS receivers have gained popularity due to their high precision. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of these low-cost devices in real-time displacement detection. Then, in this paper it is explored the potential contribution of low-cost high-rate GNSS receivers for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications. Within this context, a real-time displacement detection experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the ZED-F9P low-cost multi-frequency receiver that simultaneously uses GNSS signals. With the implementation of such a receiver, different measurement configurations were set up: 15 multi-GNSS fusions, 4 sampling frequencies (1, 5, 10 and 20 Hz) and 4 elevation angles (8, 10, 12 and 15°). Based on the results, the multi-GNSS fusion G + E + C with 12° and a sampling frequency of 5 Hz presented the best performance in detecting horizontal displacements with a RMSE of 4 mm and a time to fix first ambiguity of 6 s. On the other hand, the multi-GNSS fusion G + E with 12° and sampled at 5 Hz was able to detect minimum vertical displacements of up to 5 mm with an accuracy of ± 2.5 mm. The findings reported in this paper demonstrate the ability of low-cost receivers to monitor displacements in real time, making them an ideal tool for monitoring dynamic phenomena.