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<p>Since the 1980s, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized positional surveying. The absolute GNSS method, which uses a single receiver, and the relative method, which employs multiple receivers, are widely used. A notable variant of the absolute method is Precise Point Positioning (PPP), which utilizes precise satellite orbits and clock data to achieve high accuracy with a single receiver. This study evaluates the accuracy of PPP using multiple GNSS constellations and frequencies, comparing it with short-baseline Relative Positioning. A permanent GNSS station was installed on the roof of a building to monitor structural deformation. PPP results were compared with Relative Positioning over an eight-month period, with data processed in two 24-hour sessions each month. Ionospheric scintillation was assessed using the S4 index, which quantifies rapid fluctuations in GNSS signal amplitude caused by ionospheric irregularities. While the S4 index remained low on average, a specific date with high S4 values was analyzed to evaluate PPP performance under challenging ionospheric conditions. The results showed that PPP, although less accurate than Relative Positioning, achieved sub-centimeter precision in some cases with modernized triple-frequency observables. Relative Positioning yielded superior average Root Mean Square (RMS) values: 3.6&#xa0;mm East, 0.6&#xa0;mm North, and 4.2&#xa0;mm Up in the Local Geodetic System (LGS). PPP showed average RMS errors of 14.8&#xa0;mm East, 9.5&#xa0;mm North, and 12.7&#xa0;mm Up in the LGS, with greater variability observed in the East and Up components. A paired T-Student test confirmed that PPP and Relative Positioning are statistically equivalent at a 95% confidence level for centimeter-level measurements.</p>

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Analysis of structural monitoring with multi-GNSS positioning: comparison between PPP and static relative strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Osvaldo Tavares de Camargo Junior,
  • Paulo Sérgio de Oliveira Junior,
  • Lucas dos Santos Bezerra,
  • Pedro Luis Faggion

摘要

Since the 1980s, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized positional surveying. The absolute GNSS method, which uses a single receiver, and the relative method, which employs multiple receivers, are widely used. A notable variant of the absolute method is Precise Point Positioning (PPP), which utilizes precise satellite orbits and clock data to achieve high accuracy with a single receiver. This study evaluates the accuracy of PPP using multiple GNSS constellations and frequencies, comparing it with short-baseline Relative Positioning. A permanent GNSS station was installed on the roof of a building to monitor structural deformation. PPP results were compared with Relative Positioning over an eight-month period, with data processed in two 24-hour sessions each month. Ionospheric scintillation was assessed using the S4 index, which quantifies rapid fluctuations in GNSS signal amplitude caused by ionospheric irregularities. While the S4 index remained low on average, a specific date with high S4 values was analyzed to evaluate PPP performance under challenging ionospheric conditions. The results showed that PPP, although less accurate than Relative Positioning, achieved sub-centimeter precision in some cases with modernized triple-frequency observables. Relative Positioning yielded superior average Root Mean Square (RMS) values: 3.6 mm East, 0.6 mm North, and 4.2 mm Up in the Local Geodetic System (LGS). PPP showed average RMS errors of 14.8 mm East, 9.5 mm North, and 12.7 mm Up in the LGS, with greater variability observed in the East and Up components. A paired T-Student test confirmed that PPP and Relative Positioning are statistically equivalent at a 95% confidence level for centimeter-level measurements.