Geospatial approach to morphometric and hypsometric analysis for subwatershed prioritization: a case study from the Chalakudy River basin
摘要
Watershed parameters significantly influence hydrological availability and water scarcity in a given region through geomorphological processes. Hence, an accurate assessment of the geometric parameters is vital for understanding the resulting hydrological impacts, such as floods and droughts. A precise and efficient decision-making approach relies on relevant geospatial techniques. Therefore, morphometric and hypsometric analyses were prioritised for the sub-watersheds of the Chalakudy River Basin. Seven subwatersheds were defined for the watershed. A morphometric analysis was conducted for each subwatershed, focusing on relief, linear and areal features via the Strahler method. The final prioritization was determined by employing PCA. Among the subwatersheds, SW2 and SW4 achieved the highest rankings in the morphometric analysis. The elevation-relief ratio technique was used to determine the hypsometric integral values for every subwatershed. SW2 and SW6 were prioritized in the hypsometric analysis, whereas SW2 remained consistently high in both cases. The results of this study highlight the need to prioritize subwatersheds for land and water management programs according to levels of degradation susceptibility. This study introduces a novel dual-criteria framework that integrates PCA-based morphometric analysis with hypsometric evaluation, enhancing the robustness of watershed prioritization. The proposed methodology offers a reproducible and scientifically sound model for integrated watershed assessment in diverse geomorphic settings.