<p>Groundwater Quality assessment is a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, especially in semi-arid regions where irrigation demands are high and soil health depends on water chemistry. This study presents an integrated hydrochemical, geospatial, and statistical analysis to evaluate the irrigation suitability of groundwater in the semi-arid alluvial tract of Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 39 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and major anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻), and physicochemical parameters. Irrigation water quality indices EC, SAR, Na%, MAR, SSP, KR, RSC, TH, and PI were computed. Spatial variability was mapped using GIS-based Inverse distance weighting and indicator kriging, while principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify controlling hydrochemical factors. Results showed EC ranged from 53 to 5913 µS/cm, with 39.5% of samples permissible, 15.8% doubtful, and 2.6% unsuitable for irrigation. SAR placed all samples in the S1(low sodium hazard) class, but Na% classified 46% as doubtful to unsuitable, and MAR exceeded safe limits in 41% of samples. SSP was excellent to good in 97.4% of cases, while negative RSC values confirmed irrigation safety. Hydrochemical facies were dominated by the Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type. Wilcox and USSL plots confirmed that most samples were good-permissible, though localized salinity hazards were identified in the northeast and southeast. PCA highlighted SSP, PI, and KR as the most influential parameters. Overall, the study concludes that the groundwater is largely suitable for irrigation, though localized salinity and sodium risks require targeted management to protect soil permeability and crop productivity.</p>