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<p>Soils are exposed to various environmental pressures resulting from human activities, which can impact their physical properties, chemical composition, and microbial populations. Soil samples from cassava processing mills (Double Crown, Ekueme, Olorungbogo, Olalandu, and Akewe) in Ilaro metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria, were assessed through physicochemical, heavy metal, and microbial analyses, as well as evaluations of contamination indices and human health risks. Twenty-two soil samples were collected from four points at a depth of 0.5&#xa0;m on each of the five selected mills, and two control samples were obtained from unpolluted sites. About 5&#xa0;g post-sieved samples was prepared and taken for the contamination assessments. The increased soil pH, textural content, cations, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and organic carbon altered the toxic metal levels and microbial populations in the study samples. High mean heavy metal concentrations (Ni, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were observed in all the samples except Mn in Double Crown samples. The contamination indices indicated anthropogenic origins of the toxins, except for Mn in Double Crown, which revealed crustal sources. These suggested that the cassava mills significantly contributed to bioaccumulating toxins in the soil. The Double Crown, Ekueme, and Olorungbogo samples indicated moderate contamination, while the Akewe and Olanlandu samples showed severe contamination. The microbial counts of the soils (total coliforms, <i>E. coli</i>, fungi, and total bacteria) were relatively high and play crucial roles in soil and crop health. The total potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks for both children and adults through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal pathways were within the permissible limits.</p>

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Characterization of toxins in soils around cassava mills within the sedimentary formation of Southwestern Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Akintayo O. Ojo,
  • Oluwaseun Ajibola,
  • Abdulwasiu O. Ambali,
  • Mandu D. Thompson

摘要

Soils are exposed to various environmental pressures resulting from human activities, which can impact their physical properties, chemical composition, and microbial populations. Soil samples from cassava processing mills (Double Crown, Ekueme, Olorungbogo, Olalandu, and Akewe) in Ilaro metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria, were assessed through physicochemical, heavy metal, and microbial analyses, as well as evaluations of contamination indices and human health risks. Twenty-two soil samples were collected from four points at a depth of 0.5 m on each of the five selected mills, and two control samples were obtained from unpolluted sites. About 5 g post-sieved samples was prepared and taken for the contamination assessments. The increased soil pH, textural content, cations, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and organic carbon altered the toxic metal levels and microbial populations in the study samples. High mean heavy metal concentrations (Ni, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were observed in all the samples except Mn in Double Crown samples. The contamination indices indicated anthropogenic origins of the toxins, except for Mn in Double Crown, which revealed crustal sources. These suggested that the cassava mills significantly contributed to bioaccumulating toxins in the soil. The Double Crown, Ekueme, and Olorungbogo samples indicated moderate contamination, while the Akewe and Olanlandu samples showed severe contamination. The microbial counts of the soils (total coliforms, E. coli, fungi, and total bacteria) were relatively high and play crucial roles in soil and crop health. The total potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks for both children and adults through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal pathways were within the permissible limits.