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<p>The Sunai River, a right-bank tributary of the Budhabalanga River in Odisha, originates near Siriapal village in Mayurbhanj district and confluences with&#xa0;the Budhabalanga near Dolagohira village in Baleshwar district, Odisha. The basin, categorized as a 7th order system, covers an area of 1,432.26 km<sup>2&#xa0;</sup>and a basin length of 63.63&#xa0;km. The mean stream length ratio (14.06) reflects an advanced stage of erosion and high runoff conditions, indicating active fluvial processes. A bifurcation ratio of 3.85 suggests a stable tectonic setting, while a drainage density of 2.27&#xa0;km/km<sup>2</sup> indicates moderate to long overland flow. The drainage texture (6.47) and stream frequency (2.85) point to low infiltration and high surface runoff, increasing susceptibility to erosion. Moreover, the low drainage intensity value (1.25) shows a higher vulnerability to soil erosion, likely exacerbated by sparse vegetation or unconsolidated surface material. Morphometric shape indices form factor (0.35), elongation ratio (0.67), and circulatory ratio (0.35) reveal the basin’s elongated form, which can influence flow concentration and flood risk. The low RHO coefficient (0.15) suggests limited water storage during heavy discharge periods, contributing to flash flood vulnerability. The region exhibits steep slopes and significant elevation variation on the basis of basin relief (1,151&#xa0;m) and a high relief ratio (18.09). Despite this, the ruggedness number (2.61) reflects a relatively smooth and moderately dissected terrain. The analysis highlights the basin’s dynamic runoff and stream flow behavior, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated and sustainable watershed management strategies to counteract environmental degradation and hydro-geomorphological challenges.</p>

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Drainage basin analysis of Sunai River, Odisha, India: A remote sensing and GIS-based approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Pawan Kumar Gautam,
  • Dhirendra Kumar,
  • Satyajit Sahu,
  • Anoop Kumar Singh

摘要

The Sunai River, a right-bank tributary of the Budhabalanga River in Odisha, originates near Siriapal village in Mayurbhanj district and confluences with the Budhabalanga near Dolagohira village in Baleshwar district, Odisha. The basin, categorized as a 7th order system, covers an area of 1,432.26 km2 and a basin length of 63.63 km. The mean stream length ratio (14.06) reflects an advanced stage of erosion and high runoff conditions, indicating active fluvial processes. A bifurcation ratio of 3.85 suggests a stable tectonic setting, while a drainage density of 2.27 km/km2 indicates moderate to long overland flow. The drainage texture (6.47) and stream frequency (2.85) point to low infiltration and high surface runoff, increasing susceptibility to erosion. Moreover, the low drainage intensity value (1.25) shows a higher vulnerability to soil erosion, likely exacerbated by sparse vegetation or unconsolidated surface material. Morphometric shape indices form factor (0.35), elongation ratio (0.67), and circulatory ratio (0.35) reveal the basin’s elongated form, which can influence flow concentration and flood risk. The low RHO coefficient (0.15) suggests limited water storage during heavy discharge periods, contributing to flash flood vulnerability. The region exhibits steep slopes and significant elevation variation on the basis of basin relief (1,151 m) and a high relief ratio (18.09). Despite this, the ruggedness number (2.61) reflects a relatively smooth and moderately dissected terrain. The analysis highlights the basin’s dynamic runoff and stream flow behavior, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated and sustainable watershed management strategies to counteract environmental degradation and hydro-geomorphological challenges.