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<p>Exposure to heavy metals, namely cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury, together with manganese, has been increasingly implicated in the prevalence and mortality of Alzheimer’s disease. To further clarify these associations, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis by systematically searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases up to July 9, 2024. In total, 21 studies involving 2,867 participants were included for analyses using standardized mean differences, and 8 studies involving 288,737 participants were analyzed using odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs). Using a random-effects model with Stata 17.0, we found that cadmium levels in biological samples were higher in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease relative to those without the condition (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI 0.40, 1.50). Similarly, arsenic levels were elevated among Alzheimer’s disease patients relative to control groups (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI 0.02, 1.20). Moreover, higher cadmium exposure was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease–related mortality (HR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.20, 2.69). Evidence from this study suggests that elevated cadmium and arsenic levels were associated with the presence of Alzheimer’s disease and that cadmium exposure, in particular, was associated with higher Alzheimer’s disease-related mortality. These findings may have implications for public health monitoring and prevention strategies related to heavy metal exposure.</p>

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Association Between Heavy Metal Exposure and Alzheimer’s Disease Prevalence and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Yaohui Fang,
  • Huma Shahzad,
  • Zhi Li,
  • Jiarong Zhang,
  • Xinru Wang,
  • Ziyan Qiao,
  • Hong Qian,
  • Qiaoqiao Xu,
  • Yun Fan,
  • Chuncheng Lu

摘要

Exposure to heavy metals, namely cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury, together with manganese, has been increasingly implicated in the prevalence and mortality of Alzheimer’s disease. To further clarify these associations, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis by systematically searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases up to July 9, 2024. In total, 21 studies involving 2,867 participants were included for analyses using standardized mean differences, and 8 studies involving 288,737 participants were analyzed using odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs). Using a random-effects model with Stata 17.0, we found that cadmium levels in biological samples were higher in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease relative to those without the condition (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI 0.40, 1.50). Similarly, arsenic levels were elevated among Alzheimer’s disease patients relative to control groups (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI 0.02, 1.20). Moreover, higher cadmium exposure was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease–related mortality (HR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.20, 2.69). Evidence from this study suggests that elevated cadmium and arsenic levels were associated with the presence of Alzheimer’s disease and that cadmium exposure, in particular, was associated with higher Alzheimer’s disease-related mortality. These findings may have implications for public health monitoring and prevention strategies related to heavy metal exposure.