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<p>In addition to their role as entomopathogenic fungi, <i>Metarhizium</i> spp. are also present as endophytes within plants. Hence, plant-based food products may contain fungal residues, whose consumption may entail potential risks to human health. The current investigation explores the effects of direct exposure to a combination of extracellular metabolites derived from <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> ARSEF7487, with dtx A as the predominant destruxin (dtx), on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although the treatment with <i>M. anisopliae</i> extracellular metabolite mixture at a concentration of 1 and 10&#xa0;ng&#xa0;mL⁻<sup>1</sup> was not found to induce toxic effects on the human PBMCs, it nevertheless had significant effects, particularly with regard to the host defense mechanisms. Exposure resulted in a 1.3-fold increase in <i>TLR8</i> mRNA expression and a 3.4-fold increase in <i>TLR9</i> mRNA. In addition, the PBMCs demonstrated greater mRNA expression of certain cytokines, specifically <i>IL23A</i> (10.7-fold) and <i>IL1B</i> (3.1-fold). Furthermore, treatment with destruxins resulted in a slight increase (1.5 ×) in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study indicates that extended exposure to dtxs, such as those derived from plant-based foods, does not adversely affect immune system cells; however, it significantly modulates their immune gene expression, particularly involving pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines.</p>

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The Immunomodulatory Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae Extract on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska,
  • Monika Nowak,
  • Elżbieta Kozłowska,
  • Justyna Agier,
  • Sylwia Różalska

摘要

In addition to their role as entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium spp. are also present as endophytes within plants. Hence, plant-based food products may contain fungal residues, whose consumption may entail potential risks to human health. The current investigation explores the effects of direct exposure to a combination of extracellular metabolites derived from Metarhizium anisopliae ARSEF7487, with dtx A as the predominant destruxin (dtx), on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although the treatment with M. anisopliae extracellular metabolite mixture at a concentration of 1 and 10 ng mL⁻1 was not found to induce toxic effects on the human PBMCs, it nevertheless had significant effects, particularly with regard to the host defense mechanisms. Exposure resulted in a 1.3-fold increase in TLR8 mRNA expression and a 3.4-fold increase in TLR9 mRNA. In addition, the PBMCs demonstrated greater mRNA expression of certain cytokines, specifically IL23A (10.7-fold) and IL1B (3.1-fold). Furthermore, treatment with destruxins resulted in a slight increase (1.5 ×) in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study indicates that extended exposure to dtxs, such as those derived from plant-based foods, does not adversely affect immune system cells; however, it significantly modulates their immune gene expression, particularly involving pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines.