Weiterentwicklung der Netzentgeltsystematik und Reform industrieller Netzentgelte
摘要
Balancing the fluctuating feed-in by renewable energy sources requires utilizing all available flexibility options within the German power system. One flexibility option currently available is the energy flexibility of manufacturing companies, particularly within energy-intensive industries. Therefore, the rapid and comprehensive flexibilization of industrial electricity demand is essential for ensuring the energy transition's success. However, the existing regulatory framework must be further developed to enable the economic utilization of industrial energy flexibility. Currently, the methodology for determining general grid charges according to § 17 (2) of the Electricity Network Fee Ordinance and individual grid charges according to § 19 (2) sentence 2 of the Electricity Network Fee Ordinance both inhibit the deployment of industrial energy flexibility. In its position paper published in July 2024, the German Federal Network Agency announces a reform of individual grid charges, set to take effect on January 1, 2026, to remove existing flexibility barriers and incentivize industrial energy flexibility. This article examines how individual grid charges could be designed in the future, considering the framework conditions outlined by the Federal Network Agency. We present a reform proposal that 1) is revenue-neutral compared to the current regulatory framework, 2) incentivizes energy flexibility across the industrial sectors while considering technical and organizational challenges, and 3) considers heterogeneous grid constraints in light of fluctuating feed-in by renewable energy sources and flexible electricity demand. The benefits of the presented reform proposal are discussed in comparison to the current regulatory framework using a case study from the paper industry.