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<p>Pavin’s historical outgassing took several forms: sudden storms with thunder, lightnings, clouds, fog and cloud emissions, bubbling and color change (1783, 1936), limnic eruption (1785), and lake overflows (600 CE, 1300 CE). In Auvergne hagiographies (7th -10th centuries) Pavin is a demonic and sacred place, subject to devastating storms, where ritual offerings are made, and a home to demons, defeated by predicators (late 200s AD) during catastrophic storms. Medieval iconography features chthonic elements, demons, gushing waters, sacrifices; a secret cult of Lucifer “within a water cup” is detailed. Scholars evoke a stormy place “<i>suddenly invaded by evil and sordid spirits</i>,<i> sometimes in the water</i>,<i> sometimes in the air</i>,<i> producing strange floods</i>,<i> causing thunder</i>,<i> storms</i>,<i> lightning and terrible hail</i>”, generated by the body of Pontius Pilate condemned to eternal damnation. The motif of “stormy mountain lake” in which sudden storms are triggered by a “tempestary stone"is present in Pavin from 1575 to the end of the 20th century. On the “sacred mountain of Vassivière”, adjacent to the lake, a statue of an early medieval “Black Virgin”, is still venerated since 1550. Her miracles (16t<sup>h</sup>-18th centuries) are here interpreted as stories of healing people suddenly affected by Pavin’s outgassing. Many Pavin folk tales (19th -20th ) feature seductive and violent devils, alluring air fairies, gushing undines, and powerful dragons bursting from the lake. These depictions and representations of maar lake degassing can serve to better identify these rare and potentially dangerous volcano-limnic sites.</p>

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The Tempestuous Pavin Lake (Auvergne, France) : Geomythology, Perceptions and Representations of a Degassing Maar Lake Over 2000y

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Michel Meybeck

摘要

Pavin’s historical outgassing took several forms: sudden storms with thunder, lightnings, clouds, fog and cloud emissions, bubbling and color change (1783, 1936), limnic eruption (1785), and lake overflows (600 CE, 1300 CE). In Auvergne hagiographies (7th -10th centuries) Pavin is a demonic and sacred place, subject to devastating storms, where ritual offerings are made, and a home to demons, defeated by predicators (late 200s AD) during catastrophic storms. Medieval iconography features chthonic elements, demons, gushing waters, sacrifices; a secret cult of Lucifer “within a water cup” is detailed. Scholars evoke a stormy place “suddenly invaded by evil and sordid spirits, sometimes in the water, sometimes in the air, producing strange floods, causing thunder, storms, lightning and terrible hail”, generated by the body of Pontius Pilate condemned to eternal damnation. The motif of “stormy mountain lake” in which sudden storms are triggered by a “tempestary stone"is present in Pavin from 1575 to the end of the 20th century. On the “sacred mountain of Vassivière”, adjacent to the lake, a statue of an early medieval “Black Virgin”, is still venerated since 1550. Her miracles (16th-18th centuries) are here interpreted as stories of healing people suddenly affected by Pavin’s outgassing. Many Pavin folk tales (19th -20th ) feature seductive and violent devils, alluring air fairies, gushing undines, and powerful dragons bursting from the lake. These depictions and representations of maar lake degassing can serve to better identify these rare and potentially dangerous volcano-limnic sites.