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<p>Bege Bahia is an uncommon natural stone type and a vital mineral and economic resource of Ourolândia, a municipality in the State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, which has been exploited since the 1960s. Geologically, it is a calcrete, a Quaternary pedogenic limestone, which belongs to the Caatinga Formation, Pleistocene age. It was formed by the in-situ carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation of the Neoproterozoic Salitre Formation marine limestone after chemical, physical and biogenic alteration in an arid/semiarid environment. Those processes resulted in a light-tone limestone, structurally similar to a breccia, characterized by a heterogeneous arrangement of calcareous fragments in a micrite matrix, typically exhibiting irregular and centimetric cavities with calcite crystals covering their walls, resembling geodes. The Bege Bahia has good technological characteristics for its use as natural stone, and the earthy tones and distinct patterns – mainly the widespread presence of cavities – lend this unique light-beige limestone a visual appearance like that of travertine. Therefore, it is also named and marketed as “National Travertine” or “Brazilian Travertine”. For this reason, it has been used countless times since the middle of the twentieth century in interior design, flooring and cladding of residences, and in the façades and columns of modern edifices in the whole country. It also covers important Brazilian heritage buildings, such as the Federal Supreme Court in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. The geological and technological characteristics of the calcrete Bege Bahia, added to its important contribution to the social and economic sustainability of the Ourolândia region, and to the Brazilian natural stone sector, show its significance as a heritage stone. Additionally, the area where calcretes occur within the Ourolândia region is of importance within the frame of geoconservation due to its significant karstic systems developed within the Salitre and Caatinga Formations with relevant speleological and paleontological sites.</p>

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Bege Bahia: the Calcrete Known as Brazilian Travertine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月10日

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  • Maria Heloisa Barros de Oliveira Frascá,
  • Nuria Fernández Castro,
  • Roberto Carlos Conceição Ribeiro,
  • Ana Cristina Franco Magalhães,
  • Fabiano Cabañas Navarro

摘要

Bege Bahia is an uncommon natural stone type and a vital mineral and economic resource of Ourolândia, a municipality in the State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, which has been exploited since the 1960s. Geologically, it is a calcrete, a Quaternary pedogenic limestone, which belongs to the Caatinga Formation, Pleistocene age. It was formed by the in-situ carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation of the Neoproterozoic Salitre Formation marine limestone after chemical, physical and biogenic alteration in an arid/semiarid environment. Those processes resulted in a light-tone limestone, structurally similar to a breccia, characterized by a heterogeneous arrangement of calcareous fragments in a micrite matrix, typically exhibiting irregular and centimetric cavities with calcite crystals covering their walls, resembling geodes. The Bege Bahia has good technological characteristics for its use as natural stone, and the earthy tones and distinct patterns – mainly the widespread presence of cavities – lend this unique light-beige limestone a visual appearance like that of travertine. Therefore, it is also named and marketed as “National Travertine” or “Brazilian Travertine”. For this reason, it has been used countless times since the middle of the twentieth century in interior design, flooring and cladding of residences, and in the façades and columns of modern edifices in the whole country. It also covers important Brazilian heritage buildings, such as the Federal Supreme Court in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. The geological and technological characteristics of the calcrete Bege Bahia, added to its important contribution to the social and economic sustainability of the Ourolândia region, and to the Brazilian natural stone sector, show its significance as a heritage stone. Additionally, the area where calcretes occur within the Ourolândia region is of importance within the frame of geoconservation due to its significant karstic systems developed within the Salitre and Caatinga Formations with relevant speleological and paleontological sites.