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<p>Sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) disease is among the most damaging phytoplasma‑associated disorders of sugarcane across South and South‑east Asia. Whole‑genome sequencing of SCGS phytoplasma has recently clarified that it is a distinct lineage, formally recognized as ‘<i>Candidatus</i>&#xa0;Phytoplasma sacchari’ and clearly separated from closely related taxa such as ‘<i>Ca</i>.&#xa0;P. cynodontis’ and ‘<i>Ca</i>.&#xa0;P. oryzae’. Comparative genomics reveals characteristic metabolic reductions, unique plasmid content, and effector repertoires that distinguish ‘<i>Ca</i>.&#xa0;P.&#xa0;sacchari’ from its relatives. In this perspective, we synthesize how these genomic insights transform our understanding of the pathogen and chart a forward‑looking roadmap for SCGS management. We discussed the taxonomic resolution, salient genome features, and translate them into strategic directions for diagnostics, vector surveillance, resistance breeding, and quarantine. We highlighted critical knowledge gaps including unvalidated diagnostic markers, effector functions, and vector–pathogen interactions and outline research priorities. This article integrates current knowledge to guide future work on SCGS and related phytoplasmas.</p>

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Genome-Informed Perspectives on ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari’ and Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Sneha Verma,
  • Kiran Kirdat,
  • Govind Pratap Rao,
  • Amit Yadav

摘要

Sugarcane grassy shoot (SCGS) disease is among the most damaging phytoplasma‑associated disorders of sugarcane across South and South‑east Asia. Whole‑genome sequencing of SCGS phytoplasma has recently clarified that it is a distinct lineage, formally recognized as ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari’ and clearly separated from closely related taxa such as ‘Ca. P. cynodontis’ and ‘Ca. P. oryzae’. Comparative genomics reveals characteristic metabolic reductions, unique plasmid content, and effector repertoires that distinguish ‘Ca. P. sacchari’ from its relatives. In this perspective, we synthesize how these genomic insights transform our understanding of the pathogen and chart a forward‑looking roadmap for SCGS management. We discussed the taxonomic resolution, salient genome features, and translate them into strategic directions for diagnostics, vector surveillance, resistance breeding, and quarantine. We highlighted critical knowledge gaps including unvalidated diagnostic markers, effector functions, and vector–pathogen interactions and outline research priorities. This article integrates current knowledge to guide future work on SCGS and related phytoplasmas.