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<p>Oral mucosal diseases are common in childhood and are predominantly benign; however, they may also provide early clues to systemic, inflammatory, genetic, or neoplastic disorders. Owing to its high epithelial turnover, pronounced vascularization, and close interaction with immune cells and the specific oral microbiome, the oral mucosa represents a&#xa0;sensitive indicator of both local and systemic pathology. Nutritional deficiencies, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated processes, in particular, often manifest first within the oral cavity. This article provides a&#xa0;structured overview of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the oral mucosa as well as clinically relevant oral mucosal disorders in children. The focus is placed on recurrent aphthous stomatitis, infectious (para)viral diseases, tongue abnormalities, white and erythematous mucosal lesions, and rare genetic syndromes. Careful history taking and clinical examination frequently allow for a&#xa0;clinical diagnosis at first glance; further diagnostic work-up is especially indicated in cases of atypical course, systemic symptoms, or treatment resistance.</p>

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Mundschleimhauterkrankungen im Kindesalter

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Laura Schneller,
  • Christine Wagger

摘要

Oral mucosal diseases are common in childhood and are predominantly benign; however, they may also provide early clues to systemic, inflammatory, genetic, or neoplastic disorders. Owing to its high epithelial turnover, pronounced vascularization, and close interaction with immune cells and the specific oral microbiome, the oral mucosa represents a sensitive indicator of both local and systemic pathology. Nutritional deficiencies, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated processes, in particular, often manifest first within the oral cavity. This article provides a structured overview of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the oral mucosa as well as clinically relevant oral mucosal disorders in children. The focus is placed on recurrent aphthous stomatitis, infectious (para)viral diseases, tongue abnormalities, white and erythematous mucosal lesions, and rare genetic syndromes. Careful history taking and clinical examination frequently allow for a clinical diagnosis at first glance; further diagnostic work-up is especially indicated in cases of atypical course, systemic symptoms, or treatment resistance.