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<p>This case report presents an 8‑year-old boy with exertional dyspnea, impaired performance and significant weight loss. This symptom constellation, which occurred in association with exposure to avian protein, led to the diagnosis of an exogenic allergic alveolitis. Generally, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) describes a&#xa0;complex immunological reaction in which both type&#xa0;III and type&#xa0;IV hypersensitivity mechanisms are involved. The disease can occur at any age, in childhood it is often manifested around the age of&#xa0;10 years, whereas adults are often exposed at work. The radiological findings in the non-fibrotic form are ground-glass opacities, mosaic patterns and air trapping, whereas fibrotic changes can include reticulation, traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing. Diagnostically indicative is the detection of IgG precipitins in blood and lymphocytosis in the bronchoalveolar lavage. A timely allergen avoidance in combination with systemic steroid treatment usually leads to a clinical improvement but re-exposure can rapidly cause a&#xa0;recurrence of symptoms.</p>

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月6日

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  • Mehrak Yoosefi Moridani

摘要

This case report presents an 8‑year-old boy with exertional dyspnea, impaired performance and significant weight loss. This symptom constellation, which occurred in association with exposure to avian protein, led to the diagnosis of an exogenic allergic alveolitis. Generally, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) describes a complex immunological reaction in which both type III and type IV hypersensitivity mechanisms are involved. The disease can occur at any age, in childhood it is often manifested around the age of 10 years, whereas adults are often exposed at work. The radiological findings in the non-fibrotic form are ground-glass opacities, mosaic patterns and air trapping, whereas fibrotic changes can include reticulation, traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing. Diagnostically indicative is the detection of IgG precipitins in blood and lymphocytosis in the bronchoalveolar lavage. A timely allergen avoidance in combination with systemic steroid treatment usually leads to a clinical improvement but re-exposure can rapidly cause a recurrence of symptoms.