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Background <p>Patellofemoral joint instability is the most common knee pathology observed in childhood and adolescence. One significant contributing factor to this condition is trochlear dysplasia (TD) of the femoral trochlea, which can lead to chronic pain, recurrent instability, and premature wear of the patellofemoral joint. Amongst the identified risk factors, breech presentation (BP) at birth has been highlighted as a potential contributor to the development of trochlear dysplasia. This study explores the association between breech presentation and the femoral trochlea’s increased sulcus angle (SA), further emphasising its role in patellofemoral joint pathology.</p> Methods <p>A prospective cohort study was conducted with 85 newborns (170 knees), including healthy infants born in breech presentation (BP) between weeks 31 and 42 and those born in cephalic presentation (CP) between weeks 35 and 41. Sulcus angle (SA) values were measured using ultrasound, and a physical examination was performed for each group.</p> Results <p>We observed significant differences in the SA measurements between the two groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05): 149.92º (95% CI 148.81–151.04; SD = 5.56), compared to the CP group, which had a mean SA of 142.52º (95% CI 141.83–143.21; SD = 2.94). The BP group also had shorter gestation periods (267&#xa0;days, SD = 11 vs 274&#xa0;days, SD = 8) and lower birth weights (3091.71&#xa0;g, SD = 500.94 vs. 3380.74&#xa0;g, SD = 424.72, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the rate of caesarean-section deliveries was higher in the BP group (44.8%) compared to the CP group (17.14%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Newborns with breech presentation exhibit significantly higher SA values, suggesting a flatter trochlear groove and a potential predisposition to patellofemoral joint instability.</p>

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Ultrasonography allows for a safe and early diagnosis of patellofemoral dysplasia in newborns: a prospective study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Joaquín Moya-Angeler,
  • Carlos De la Torre-Conde,
  • Domingo Maestre-Cano,
  • Regina Sanchez-Jimenez,
  • Cristina Jimenez-Soto,
  • Cristina Serrano-García,
  • Francisco Forriol,
  • Vicente León-Muñoz

摘要

Background

Patellofemoral joint instability is the most common knee pathology observed in childhood and adolescence. One significant contributing factor to this condition is trochlear dysplasia (TD) of the femoral trochlea, which can lead to chronic pain, recurrent instability, and premature wear of the patellofemoral joint. Amongst the identified risk factors, breech presentation (BP) at birth has been highlighted as a potential contributor to the development of trochlear dysplasia. This study explores the association between breech presentation and the femoral trochlea’s increased sulcus angle (SA), further emphasising its role in patellofemoral joint pathology.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted with 85 newborns (170 knees), including healthy infants born in breech presentation (BP) between weeks 31 and 42 and those born in cephalic presentation (CP) between weeks 35 and 41. Sulcus angle (SA) values were measured using ultrasound, and a physical examination was performed for each group.

Results

We observed significant differences in the SA measurements between the two groups (p < 0.05): 149.92º (95% CI 148.81–151.04; SD = 5.56), compared to the CP group, which had a mean SA of 142.52º (95% CI 141.83–143.21; SD = 2.94). The BP group also had shorter gestation periods (267 days, SD = 11 vs 274 days, SD = 8) and lower birth weights (3091.71 g, SD = 500.94 vs. 3380.74 g, SD = 424.72, p < 0.05). Additionally, the rate of caesarean-section deliveries was higher in the BP group (44.8%) compared to the CP group (17.14%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Newborns with breech presentation exhibit significantly higher SA values, suggesting a flatter trochlear groove and a potential predisposition to patellofemoral joint instability.