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<p>The manganese ore deposits at Shivrajpur, Gujarat, India, within the Champaner Group of the Aravalli Supergroup, are economically and scientifically significant. This study uses advanced techniques, including X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer with Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy, to examine their textural, mineralogical, and geochemical properties. Dominant manganese oxides cryptomelane, romanechite, and pyrolusite are hosted in quartzite with minor hematite and magnetite. Textures like colloform, banded, veined, and replacement structures indicate multi-stage mineralization driven by regional tectonics, fluid chemistry, and temperature. WDS analyses show compositional ranges: cryptomelane (74.00–74.90 wt% MnO), romanechite (46.50–52.40 wt% MnO), and pyrolusite (76.60–79.30 wt% MnO), reflecting distinct paragenetic stages. Colloform and banded textures with rhythmic cryptomelane and romanechite layering suggest precipitation under varying fluid conditions with low sedimentation rates, preserving sedimentary features. Greenschist facies metamorphism modified the Champaner Group, retaining textures with minimal elemental changes. Hydrothermal fluids, linked to Aravalli Supergroup tectonics, remobilized manganese, forming replacement ores and veins in oxidizing conditions, with needle-like pyrolusite crystals crosscutting earlier phases. These findings clarify the deposit’s complex genesis, providing a framework for exploring similar global manganese systems to meet industrial demand.</p>

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Multistage sedimentary-metamorphic-hydrothermal evolution of the Shivrajpur manganese deposits, Champaner Group, Aravalli Supergroup, western India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Ali H. Almohammed,
  • Uttam K. Bhui,
  • Dwijesh Ray,
  • N. Madhavan

摘要

The manganese ore deposits at Shivrajpur, Gujarat, India, within the Champaner Group of the Aravalli Supergroup, are economically and scientifically significant. This study uses advanced techniques, including X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer with Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy, to examine their textural, mineralogical, and geochemical properties. Dominant manganese oxides cryptomelane, romanechite, and pyrolusite are hosted in quartzite with minor hematite and magnetite. Textures like colloform, banded, veined, and replacement structures indicate multi-stage mineralization driven by regional tectonics, fluid chemistry, and temperature. WDS analyses show compositional ranges: cryptomelane (74.00–74.90 wt% MnO), romanechite (46.50–52.40 wt% MnO), and pyrolusite (76.60–79.30 wt% MnO), reflecting distinct paragenetic stages. Colloform and banded textures with rhythmic cryptomelane and romanechite layering suggest precipitation under varying fluid conditions with low sedimentation rates, preserving sedimentary features. Greenschist facies metamorphism modified the Champaner Group, retaining textures with minimal elemental changes. Hydrothermal fluids, linked to Aravalli Supergroup tectonics, remobilized manganese, forming replacement ores and veins in oxidizing conditions, with needle-like pyrolusite crystals crosscutting earlier phases. These findings clarify the deposit’s complex genesis, providing a framework for exploring similar global manganese systems to meet industrial demand.