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<p>Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies, can significantly reduce mortality. Investigating genetic and epigenetic alterations in the early stages of CRC can be very helpful in timely diagnosis. One of the key epigenetic alterations in CRC is DNA methylation in CpG-rich promoter regions of various genes, including Caudal-type homeobox 1 (CDX1) as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status and expression level of CDX1 in CRC patients. In this study, the promoter methylation status and expression level of the <i>CDX1</i> gene were analyzed in tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues from 50 CRC patients. <i>CDX1</i> promoter methylation was assessed using the MethyLight real-time PCR method. Then, the percentage methylated reference (PMR) was calculated for all samples. Relative <i>CDX1</i> gene expression was examined using Quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in CRC and control groups. The findings showed a statistically significant difference in the mean PMR index between tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues in CRC patients (49; 95% CI: 20–90 vs. 18; 95% CI: 6–25, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of methylation detection in tissue samples were 66% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, tumor tissues showed a significant decrease in CDX1 expression compared to healthy tissues (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Plasma CEA levels were significantly higher in the CRC group compared with the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Thus, these results confirm the role of CDX1 as a molecular marker in early stages of CRC.</p>

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Tissue-Based Analysis of CDX1 Gene Expression and Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer: A Potential Molecular Diagnostic Marker

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Seyedeh Azra Hosseini,
  • Parmida Rezvani,
  • Lida Haghnazari,
  • Sarina Almasi,
  • Nayebali Rezvani

摘要

Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies, can significantly reduce mortality. Investigating genetic and epigenetic alterations in the early stages of CRC can be very helpful in timely diagnosis. One of the key epigenetic alterations in CRC is DNA methylation in CpG-rich promoter regions of various genes, including Caudal-type homeobox 1 (CDX1) as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status and expression level of CDX1 in CRC patients. In this study, the promoter methylation status and expression level of the CDX1 gene were analyzed in tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues from 50 CRC patients. CDX1 promoter methylation was assessed using the MethyLight real-time PCR method. Then, the percentage methylated reference (PMR) was calculated for all samples. Relative CDX1 gene expression was examined using Quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in CRC and control groups. The findings showed a statistically significant difference in the mean PMR index between tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues in CRC patients (49; 95% CI: 20–90 vs. 18; 95% CI: 6–25, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of methylation detection in tissue samples were 66% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, tumor tissues showed a significant decrease in CDX1 expression compared to healthy tissues (P < 0.001). Plasma CEA levels were significantly higher in the CRC group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Thus, these results confirm the role of CDX1 as a molecular marker in early stages of CRC.