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<p>This study aimed to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4) and their adaptor proteins (MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6) in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), in comparison to healthy controls. A total of 226 participants (113 T2DM patients with and 113 healthy controls with normal BMI) were recruited, aged 18–60&#xa0;years. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting for PBMC isolation and various metabolic tests, including glucose, cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and their adaptor proteins were measured using RT-PCR. In the control group, there were strong positive correlations between TLR2, TLR4, and their respective adaptor proteins, with statistically significant values (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The correlation coefficients for TLR2 were: MyD88 (r = 0.74), IRAK1 (r = 0.72), and TRAF6 (r = 0.78); for TLR4: MyD88 (r = 0.79), IRAK1 (r = 0.83), and TRAF6 (r = 0.87). TLR2 and TLR4 expression were significantly elevated compared to the controls, with moderate to strong positive correlations between the receptors and their adaptor proteins. Specifically, for TLR2, correlations with MyD88 (r = 0.4), IRAK1 (r = 0.5), and TRAF6 (r = 0.7) were observed, while for TLR4, MyD88 (r = 0.5), IRAK1 (r = 0.4), and TRAF6 (r = 0.8) were similarly significant. The overexpression of TLR2 and TLR4 was statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that the elevated expression of TLR2, TLR4, and their adaptor proteins may contribute to the inflammatory processes involved in insulin resistance, highlighting the potential role of TLR signaling in the pathophysiology of T2DM.</p>

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Exploring the Role of TLR2 and TLR4 Adaptor Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Inflammation and Disease Progression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Amol P. Anbhule,
  • Alka Ramteke,
  • Yogesh Porwal,
  • Megha Arora,
  • Surabhi Yadav,
  • Amita Yadav,
  • Charanjeet Kaur

摘要

This study aimed to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4) and their adaptor proteins (MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6) in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), in comparison to healthy controls. A total of 226 participants (113 T2DM patients with and 113 healthy controls with normal BMI) were recruited, aged 18–60 years. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting for PBMC isolation and various metabolic tests, including glucose, cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and their adaptor proteins were measured using RT-PCR. In the control group, there were strong positive correlations between TLR2, TLR4, and their respective adaptor proteins, with statistically significant values (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficients for TLR2 were: MyD88 (r = 0.74), IRAK1 (r = 0.72), and TRAF6 (r = 0.78); for TLR4: MyD88 (r = 0.79), IRAK1 (r = 0.83), and TRAF6 (r = 0.87). TLR2 and TLR4 expression were significantly elevated compared to the controls, with moderate to strong positive correlations between the receptors and their adaptor proteins. Specifically, for TLR2, correlations with MyD88 (r = 0.4), IRAK1 (r = 0.5), and TRAF6 (r = 0.7) were observed, while for TLR4, MyD88 (r = 0.5), IRAK1 (r = 0.4), and TRAF6 (r = 0.8) were similarly significant. The overexpression of TLR2 and TLR4 was statistically significant (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the elevated expression of TLR2, TLR4, and their adaptor proteins may contribute to the inflammatory processes involved in insulin resistance, highlighting the potential role of TLR signaling in the pathophysiology of T2DM.