<p>Different shot peening sequences can affect the effectiveness of shot peening definitely. To comprehensively investigate the ramifications of different shot peening sequences on the structural integrity of aviation components, this study formulates a shot peening sequence model tailored to the cross-sectional features of H-shaped slide rails commonly found in aircraft, leveraging Abaqus and Python. Combining numerical simulations and experimental data, we utilize the Euclidean distance to assess the similarity of residual stress distribution curves. Effects of six different shot peening surface strengthening sequences on the residual stress distribution and deformation across each surface of the aircraft slide rail’s typical cross-section are analyzed. Results indicate that variability exists in the similarity of maximum residual stress distribution among surfaces subjected to different shot peening sequences. Notably, the fully symmetric strengthening sequence S4 yields the highest similarity in the residual stress distribution curve. Moreover, the maximum deformation of the workpiece groove exhibits a 26.3% disparity under various shot peening strengthening sequences. This indicates that an appropriately selected shot peening sequence can mitigate size errors arising from the strengthening process. This implies that a judiciously chosen shot peening strengthening sequence could enhance the overall shot peening quality of the component.</p>