<p>Nutritional anaemias are on the rise in India despite several control programs. Haemoglobin synthesis needs iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and a source of complete protein (containing all essential amino acids). While we were focusing on iron deficiency only, in reality, one or more nutrients needed for haemoglobin synthesis may be missing from the diet due to lack of awareness, empowerment, and marginalisation issues. Therefore, nutritional anaemias represent the tip of the iceberg of clinical and subclinical malnutrition in our scenario, in a vast majority of patients. There are several myths on nutrition and a balanced diet, rooted in cultural, religious, and regional factors. In the developed countries, these nutritional deficiencies are more often due to physiologically or pathologically increased need or due to malabsorption or increased losses of the nutrients involved or blood loss, which are equally important concerns in our scenario too. To make a beginning, we need to work on creating awareness on a balanced diet, removing false beliefs and wrong practices related to food items. Equally important for a sustainable solution is to empower the people through social, economic, and agricultural reforms, and policy changes, for consuming a balanced diet.Other social aspects of malnutrition, including poor management of human and financial resources, wrong influences on the people by advertisements, and the growing fast-food culture, need to be addressed. Patients of anemia need to be evaluated with proper investigations in an algorithmic approach, especially when nutritional supplementation is producing sub optimal results. Other causes of anemia including hemoglobinopathies, malnutrition associated, anemia of chronic disease need to be investigated. For iron deficiency, treating the underlying cause of excessive blood loss is essential. All this will go a long way to achieve the goal of anaemia-free India.</p>