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<p>Rugby Union is played on a variety of mechanically diverse surfaces with players commonly altering stud length for different surfaces. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of playing surface and rugby boot stud length on plantar pressure distribution and peak rearfoot inversion. Rugby Union players (<i>n</i> = 14) performed straight line running (RUN), ninety-degree change of direction (90CoD) and 95&#xa0;kg resisted sled pushing tasks (PUSH), for three surface conditions (Natural, 3G and Hybrid) each with three stud length conditions (13&#xa0;mm, 16&#xa0;mm and 21&#xa0;mm length). Three-dimensional motion of the lower limbs and plantar pressure data were synchronously collected during all tasks. Two-way (Surface x Stud Length) RMANOVA were performed to assess differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). For the RUN task, greater peak pressures were observed at the medial and lateral forefoot for the 21&#xa0;mm stud condition compared to the 13&#xa0;mm condition. For the 90CoD, greater peak medial heel plantar pressures occurred for 3G compared to the Natural surface. When compared with 13&#xa0;mm stud length, 21&#xa0;mm resulted in greater peak rearfoot inversion angle and increased medial forefoot, lateral midfoot and lateral heel peak pressures. For the sled PUSH, the 21&#xa0;mm stud condition resulted in significantly higher peak pressures at the forefoot compared to the 13&#xa0;mm condition. The greater peak pressures and rearfoot inversion for the 21&#xa0;mm stud condition may place players at an increased risk of injury, suggesting that stud choice should be considered as an important external risk factor for injury in Rugby Union.</p>

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Dominant role of rugby boot stud length over playing surface type on biomechanical variables associated with foot and ankle injury during rugby union movements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Patrick Carden,
  • Bertrand Bru,
  • Andrew Jones,
  • Sharon J. Dixon

摘要

Rugby Union is played on a variety of mechanically diverse surfaces with players commonly altering stud length for different surfaces. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of playing surface and rugby boot stud length on plantar pressure distribution and peak rearfoot inversion. Rugby Union players (n = 14) performed straight line running (RUN), ninety-degree change of direction (90CoD) and 95 kg resisted sled pushing tasks (PUSH), for three surface conditions (Natural, 3G and Hybrid) each with three stud length conditions (13 mm, 16 mm and 21 mm length). Three-dimensional motion of the lower limbs and plantar pressure data were synchronously collected during all tasks. Two-way (Surface x Stud Length) RMANOVA were performed to assess differences (p < 0.05). For the RUN task, greater peak pressures were observed at the medial and lateral forefoot for the 21 mm stud condition compared to the 13 mm condition. For the 90CoD, greater peak medial heel plantar pressures occurred for 3G compared to the Natural surface. When compared with 13 mm stud length, 21 mm resulted in greater peak rearfoot inversion angle and increased medial forefoot, lateral midfoot and lateral heel peak pressures. For the sled PUSH, the 21 mm stud condition resulted in significantly higher peak pressures at the forefoot compared to the 13 mm condition. The greater peak pressures and rearfoot inversion for the 21 mm stud condition may place players at an increased risk of injury, suggesting that stud choice should be considered as an important external risk factor for injury in Rugby Union.