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Purpose of Review <p>The review summarizes the existing literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis, the clinical spectrum, and manifestations, as well as diagnostic testing and treatment of coccidioidomycosis, and discusses the role of cutaneous manifestations in facilitating early diagnosis.</p> Recent Findings <p>The recent literature emphasizes a variety of clinical manifestations, confirms the added value of combining histopathology/serology, culture, and molecular tests to increase diagnosis accuracy, but also reinforces triazoles as the first-line therapy. Increasing evidence also highlights the host Th1 and Th17 immune response, as well as genomic virulence factors, as key drivers of disease heterogeneity.</p> Summary <p>Early identification of cutaneous signs is crucial for effective treatment, limiting the spread of the disease, and improving outcomes. Severe or refractory disease often requires amphotericin B. Future research should focus on refining rapid diagnostics, risk prediction, and optimized antifungal regimens in both endemic and nonendemic settings. These priorities may guide prospective studies and standardized management pathways to enhance outcomes in diverse populations worldwide.</p>

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Cutaneous Coccidioidomycosis: Diagnosis and treatment. State of the Art

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Luisa F. Martínez-Rosas-Híjar,
  • Julieta Loya-Acosta,
  • Regina Rojas-García,
  • Gloria M. González,
  • Andrés Tirado-Sánchez,
  • Valeria Díaz-Molina,
  • Alexandro Bonifaz

摘要

Purpose of Review

The review summarizes the existing literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis, the clinical spectrum, and manifestations, as well as diagnostic testing and treatment of coccidioidomycosis, and discusses the role of cutaneous manifestations in facilitating early diagnosis.

Recent Findings

The recent literature emphasizes a variety of clinical manifestations, confirms the added value of combining histopathology/serology, culture, and molecular tests to increase diagnosis accuracy, but also reinforces triazoles as the first-line therapy. Increasing evidence also highlights the host Th1 and Th17 immune response, as well as genomic virulence factors, as key drivers of disease heterogeneity.

Summary

Early identification of cutaneous signs is crucial for effective treatment, limiting the spread of the disease, and improving outcomes. Severe or refractory disease often requires amphotericin B. Future research should focus on refining rapid diagnostics, risk prediction, and optimized antifungal regimens in both endemic and nonendemic settings. These priorities may guide prospective studies and standardized management pathways to enhance outcomes in diverse populations worldwide.