From Commensalism to Clinical Challenge: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections by Candida spp.
摘要
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent infections worldwide, disproportionately affecting women. A considerable number of cases are classified as complicated UTIs, with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) representing the most common subset. While bacterial pathogens are the predominant causative agents, Candida species have increasingly emerged as significant contributors to CAUTIs, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised patients. This review aims to explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications of Candida-related CAUTIs.
Recent FindingsCandida species involved in CAUTIs exhibit multiple virulence factors, including biofilm formation, morphogenic transitions, and adhesion to catheter surfaces. Furthermore, the increasing emergence of strains with intrinsic or acquired resistance to antifungal agents—such as Candidozyma auris—has complicated management strategies. Recent studies highlight the growing burden of fungal CAUTIs and the inadequacy of current monotherapeutic approaches, prompting the investigation of novel antifungal agents, catheter modifications, and nanomaterial-based interventions.
SummaryCandida-associated CAUTIs represent a growing clinical challenge due to rising antifungal resistance and limited therapeutic options. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach that includes improved diagnostic tools, antifungal stewardship, innovative prevention strategies, and continued research into novel antifungal therapies and catheter technologies. Addressing these issues is critical to reducing the healthcare burden imposed by CAUTIs globally.