<p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing has rapidly evolved as a transformative technology in cardiovascular medicine, offering capabilities for anatomical modelling, surgical planning, and the development of biocompatible implants. This review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed studies to provide a comprehensive overview of 3D printing technologies, materials, and their clinical applications in cardiovascular fields, including myocardial tissue engineering, valve replacement, and vascular modelling. Emphasis is placed on patient-specific modelling, integration of bio-printing technologies, and recent clinical demonstrations of improved surgical precision and reduced implant rejection. Drawing on 28 primary sources, this review identifies current benefits and challenges of 3D printing in cardiovascular care, highlights emerging trends, and proposes future directions for research and clinical translation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>