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<p>Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a crucial role in auditory signal transmission, and their degeneration is a significant factor in hearing loss. The protection of SGNs remains a central focus in auditory neuropathy treatment, while repairing their surrounding myelin sheaths has often been underestimated. To better simulate the cochlear neural microenvironment and enhance regenerative therapy, we developed a regenerative strategy using mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) combined with a biomimetic 3D cochlear culture system. Our results demonstrate that MSC-sEV significantly promotes Schwann cell migration and proliferation, thereby supporting the structural integrity and trophic environment essential for SGN function. Simultaneously, MSC-sEV treatment markedly enhances SGN survival, axonal outgrowth, and neural network reconstruction within the 3D culture model, mimicking the <i>in vivo</i> cochlear microenvironment. Importantly, in an ouabain-induced auditory neuropathy model, MSC-sEV administration attenuated neuronal loss, preserved SGN-hair cell connectivity, and facilitated functional recovery. By targeting both SGNs and their myelin sheaths, this dual-action strategy effectively reconstructs the neuroglial functional unit, fostering a regenerative microenvironment for auditory circuit repair.</p>

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MSC-sEV Promote Regeneration of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Myelin Sheaths in 3D Culture System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Yunyou You,
  • Anning Chen,
  • Jiaxi Qu,
  • Yiman Guo,
  • Jing Pan,
  • Taolue Yu,
  • Fan Shu,
  • Jie Tang,
  • Hongzheng Zhang

摘要

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a crucial role in auditory signal transmission, and their degeneration is a significant factor in hearing loss. The protection of SGNs remains a central focus in auditory neuropathy treatment, while repairing their surrounding myelin sheaths has often been underestimated. To better simulate the cochlear neural microenvironment and enhance regenerative therapy, we developed a regenerative strategy using mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) combined with a biomimetic 3D cochlear culture system. Our results demonstrate that MSC-sEV significantly promotes Schwann cell migration and proliferation, thereby supporting the structural integrity and trophic environment essential for SGN function. Simultaneously, MSC-sEV treatment markedly enhances SGN survival, axonal outgrowth, and neural network reconstruction within the 3D culture model, mimicking the in vivo cochlear microenvironment. Importantly, in an ouabain-induced auditory neuropathy model, MSC-sEV administration attenuated neuronal loss, preserved SGN-hair cell connectivity, and facilitated functional recovery. By targeting both SGNs and their myelin sheaths, this dual-action strategy effectively reconstructs the neuroglial functional unit, fostering a regenerative microenvironment for auditory circuit repair.