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<p>Given the active research being conducted for the prevention of osteoporosis and bone health, the development of natural materials with high efficacy and minimal side effects is considered crucial. In this study, we investigated the effects of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. unsaponifiable matters (CSUM) on the differentiation and osteogenesis of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). Based on the identification of fluridone, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, methyl ester, and phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester through GC-MS, CSUM is predicted to be a natural candidate with the potential to promote bone enhancement and prevent osteoporosis when compared to other natural substances. CSUM has been demonstrated to be a highly safe material that does not inhibit the activity of MC3T3-E1 below 0.06&#xa0;mg/mL. In addition, CSUM has been found to have osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis-promoting effects by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased calcium deposition in Alizarin Red S staining in MC3T3-E1. CSUM significantly promoted bone formation by upregulating Runx2, BSP, ALP, COL1A1, and OCN, which resulted in a 11.1–49.7% enhancement of matrix mineralization. These results provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of bone enhancement through CSUM’s osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis-promoting effects, indicating its potential as a natural substance for preventing osteoporosis.</p>

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Bone enhancement effect of microalgae-derived unsaponifiable matters on osteoblast through differentiation regulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Min Ho Kang,
  • Youn Seon Hwang,
  • So Hee Kim,
  • Min Ho Han,
  • Sun Hye Lee,
  • Jin Woo Kim

摘要

Given the active research being conducted for the prevention of osteoporosis and bone health, the development of natural materials with high efficacy and minimal side effects is considered crucial. In this study, we investigated the effects of Chlorella sp. unsaponifiable matters (CSUM) on the differentiation and osteogenesis of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). Based on the identification of fluridone, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, methyl ester, and phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester through GC-MS, CSUM is predicted to be a natural candidate with the potential to promote bone enhancement and prevent osteoporosis when compared to other natural substances. CSUM has been demonstrated to be a highly safe material that does not inhibit the activity of MC3T3-E1 below 0.06 mg/mL. In addition, CSUM has been found to have osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis-promoting effects by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased calcium deposition in Alizarin Red S staining in MC3T3-E1. CSUM significantly promoted bone formation by upregulating Runx2, BSP, ALP, COL1A1, and OCN, which resulted in a 11.1–49.7% enhancement of matrix mineralization. These results provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of bone enhancement through CSUM’s osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis-promoting effects, indicating its potential as a natural substance for preventing osteoporosis.