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Background <p>The effects of various strains of probiotics on the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants have been inconsistent. This umbrella meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effects of various probiotics on NEC in preterm infants.</p> Methods <p>We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for relevant studies published up to December 2024. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random effect model to test the effect.</p> Results <p>This umbrella meta-analysis encompassed 34 meta-analyses and 9 network meta-analyses. Probiotic supplementation remarkably decreased the risk of NEC in low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants, but not in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. In strain-specific analyses, “<i>Bifidobacterium longum”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacterium lactis”</i>,<i> “Bacilli + enterococci strains”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli + enterococci strains”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacterium bifidum+ Lactobacillus acidophilus”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli strains”</i>,<i> “Lactobacillus rhamnosus”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacterium infantis + Streptococcus thermophilus + Bifidobacterium lactis”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacteria strains + Streptococcus thermophiles”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli + Streptococcus thermophiles”</i>,<i> “Lactobacillus reuteri”</i>,<i> “Lactobacilli strains”</i>,<i> “Bacillus coagulans”</i>, and <i>“Bifidobacteria strains”</i> had the greatest effect in reducing NEC, respectively. No significant effect was found for <i>“Lactobacillus acidophilus”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacterium longum + Lactobacillus rhamnosus”</i>,<i> “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli + Saccharomyces strains”</i>,<i> “Saccharomyces boulardii”</i>,<i> Bifidobacterium breve”</i>,<i> “Bacillus clausii”</i>, and <i>“Bifidobacterium lactis + Bifidobacterium longum”.</i></p> Conclusion <p>Probiotics had a strain-specific effect on NEC. Certain probiotic strain, but not all, reduce the risk of NEC in LBW and VLBW preterm infants.</p>

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Probiotics for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: an Umbrella Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Nafang Ren,
  • Hui Chen

摘要

Background

The effects of various strains of probiotics on the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants have been inconsistent. This umbrella meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effects of various probiotics on NEC in preterm infants.

Methods

We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for relevant studies published up to December 2024. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random effect model to test the effect.

Results

This umbrella meta-analysis encompassed 34 meta-analyses and 9 network meta-analyses. Probiotic supplementation remarkably decreased the risk of NEC in low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants, but not in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. In strain-specific analyses, “Bifidobacterium longum”, “Bifidobacterium lactis”, “Bacilli + enterococci strains”, “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli + enterococci strains”, “Bifidobacterium bifidum+ Lactobacillus acidophilus”, “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli strains”, “Lactobacillus rhamnosus”, “Bifidobacterium infantis + Streptococcus thermophilus + Bifidobacterium lactis”, “Bifidobacteria strains + Streptococcus thermophiles”, “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli + Streptococcus thermophiles”, “Lactobacillus reuteri”, “Lactobacilli strains”, “Bacillus coagulans”, and “Bifidobacteria strains” had the greatest effect in reducing NEC, respectively. No significant effect was found for “Lactobacillus acidophilus”, “Bifidobacterium longum + Lactobacillus rhamnosus”, “Bifidobacteria + Lactobacilli + Saccharomyces strains”, “Saccharomyces boulardii”, Bifidobacterium breve”, “Bacillus clausii”, and “Bifidobacterium lactis + Bifidobacterium longum”.

Conclusion

Probiotics had a strain-specific effect on NEC. Certain probiotic strain, but not all, reduce the risk of NEC in LBW and VLBW preterm infants.