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<p>Iron-based nanoparticles for gastric cancer are being explored mainly as magnetic hyperthermia agents and targeted drug/protein carriers, with several promising in vitro and preclinical studies. This study offers a straightforward, eco-friendly chemical analysis and a bio-inspired technique for producing iron nanoparticles using leaf extract from <i>Hydnocarpus castaneus</i>. Using advanced physicochemical techniques as TEM, EDX, UV-Vis, FE-SEM, XRD, and FT-IR, the iron nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized. The findings verified that the iron nanoparticles have a spherical shape with an average diameter between 10 and 50&#xa0;nm. The molecular and cellular characteristics were the main focus of the latest investigation. The MTT assay was used for 48&#xa0;h to assess the cytotoxicity of the iron nanoparticle-treated cells and their capacity to prevent human gastric cancer in both GES-1 (human normal gastric epithelial cell line) and GC1415 (Gastric cancer cell line). When exposed to iron nanoparticles, the GC1415 cell line showed a dose-dependent decrease in viability, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 32&#xa0;µg/mL. Iron nanoparticles control cell proliferation and apoptosis in GC1415 cells by regulating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, according to additional investigation of the mTOR pathway. Iron nanoparticles may suppress the cell cycle and induce apoptosis through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Therefore, iron nanoparticles may be a useful natural anti-cancer medication to help cure stomach cancer.</p>

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Anticancer Activities of Iron Nanoparticles Green-synthesized by Hydnocarpus castaneus Aqueous Extract Against the GC1415 Gastric Cancer Cells by Following the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Hongxin Zhang,
  • Yueyun Hu,
  • Na Kong,
  • Lujun Han

摘要

Iron-based nanoparticles for gastric cancer are being explored mainly as magnetic hyperthermia agents and targeted drug/protein carriers, with several promising in vitro and preclinical studies. This study offers a straightforward, eco-friendly chemical analysis and a bio-inspired technique for producing iron nanoparticles using leaf extract from Hydnocarpus castaneus. Using advanced physicochemical techniques as TEM, EDX, UV-Vis, FE-SEM, XRD, and FT-IR, the iron nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized. The findings verified that the iron nanoparticles have a spherical shape with an average diameter between 10 and 50 nm. The molecular and cellular characteristics were the main focus of the latest investigation. The MTT assay was used for 48 h to assess the cytotoxicity of the iron nanoparticle-treated cells and their capacity to prevent human gastric cancer in both GES-1 (human normal gastric epithelial cell line) and GC1415 (Gastric cancer cell line). When exposed to iron nanoparticles, the GC1415 cell line showed a dose-dependent decrease in viability, with an IC50 value of 32 µg/mL. Iron nanoparticles control cell proliferation and apoptosis in GC1415 cells by regulating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, according to additional investigation of the mTOR pathway. Iron nanoparticles may suppress the cell cycle and induce apoptosis through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Therefore, iron nanoparticles may be a useful natural anti-cancer medication to help cure stomach cancer.