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Background <p><i>Hypoxis aurea</i> Lour. (<i>H. aurea</i>), a tropical plant used in traditional Thai medicine, contains bioactive phenolic glycosides with antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. However, research evaluating extraction methods to enhance its bioactivity remains limited.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to compare maceration with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to identify promising extraction conditions for <i>H. aurea</i>, focusing on total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity.</p> Methods <p>Maceration and MAE were applied using varying ethanol concentrations (50, 70, and 95%) and temperatures. Extraction yield, TPC, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays), and anti-tyrosinase activity in both in vitro assays and the B16F10 cell line were evaluated.</p> Results <p>The extraction yield of <i>H. aurea</i> varied between methods, ranging from 3.13 to 10.36% for maceration and 1.73–9.67% for MAE. Despite the variation, MAE consistently produced extracts with superior bioactive properties compared to conventional maceration. MAE significantly enhanced the TPC of <i>H. aurea</i> extracts compared to conventional maceration. A 70% ethanol concentration proved appropriate, with MAE at 90&#xa0;°C yielding the highest TPC (150.36 ± 1.92&#xa0;mg GAE/g extract). Antioxidant potency did not correlate directly with TPC, as the most potent antioxidant activity (lowest IC₅₀) by DPPH: 30.01 ± 0.71&#xa0;µg/mL and ABTS: 19.78 ± 0.71&#xa0;µg/mL, and highest FRAP value: 1026.17 ± 22.54 µM FeSO<sub>4</sub>/mg) was achieved under milder thermal conditions, specifically MAE with 70% ethanol at 70&#xa0;°C. Notably, MAE with 95% ethanol at 50&#xa0;°C produced the highest cellular anti-tyrosinase activity among all tested conditions.</p> Conclusion <p>MAE extracts demonstrated superior TPC, antioxidant, and anti-tyrosinase activities compared to maceration. With its advantages of shorter extraction time and reduced solvent consumption, MAE is a promising method for enhancing the phytochemical content and bioactivity of <i>H. aurea</i> extracts.</p>

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Enhancement of Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities in Hypoxis aurea Lour. by Microwave-Assisted Extraction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Jringjai Areemit,
  • Nisachon Jangpromma,
  • Sakda Daduang

摘要

Background

Hypoxis aurea Lour. (H. aurea), a tropical plant used in traditional Thai medicine, contains bioactive phenolic glycosides with antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. However, research evaluating extraction methods to enhance its bioactivity remains limited.

Objective

This study aimed to compare maceration with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to identify promising extraction conditions for H. aurea, focusing on total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Methods

Maceration and MAE were applied using varying ethanol concentrations (50, 70, and 95%) and temperatures. Extraction yield, TPC, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays), and anti-tyrosinase activity in both in vitro assays and the B16F10 cell line were evaluated.

Results

The extraction yield of H. aurea varied between methods, ranging from 3.13 to 10.36% for maceration and 1.73–9.67% for MAE. Despite the variation, MAE consistently produced extracts with superior bioactive properties compared to conventional maceration. MAE significantly enhanced the TPC of H. aurea extracts compared to conventional maceration. A 70% ethanol concentration proved appropriate, with MAE at 90 °C yielding the highest TPC (150.36 ± 1.92 mg GAE/g extract). Antioxidant potency did not correlate directly with TPC, as the most potent antioxidant activity (lowest IC₅₀) by DPPH: 30.01 ± 0.71 µg/mL and ABTS: 19.78 ± 0.71 µg/mL, and highest FRAP value: 1026.17 ± 22.54 µM FeSO4/mg) was achieved under milder thermal conditions, specifically MAE with 70% ethanol at 70 °C. Notably, MAE with 95% ethanol at 50 °C produced the highest cellular anti-tyrosinase activity among all tested conditions.

Conclusion

MAE extracts demonstrated superior TPC, antioxidant, and anti-tyrosinase activities compared to maceration. With its advantages of shorter extraction time and reduced solvent consumption, MAE is a promising method for enhancing the phytochemical content and bioactivity of H. aurea extracts.