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Introduction <p>Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP), a hydrophilic corticosteroid, is widely used for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders; however, its topical efficacy is limited by poor skin permeation and short residence time, requiring frequent application. To overcome these limitations, PEG (polyethylene glycol)-modified niosomes (NSs) incorporated into polymeric hydrogel and patch matrices were developed as a transdermal platform for sustained drug delivery and improved transdermal permeation.</p> Methods <p>DSP-loaded NSs were prepared by the ethanol injection method. The effects of formulation variables (cholesterol, surfactant, and excipients including poloxamer, PEG, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) were investigated. Vesicles were characterized for particle size (Z), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), morphology (SEM), and compatibility (FTIR). A design of experiments was applied to elucidate the roles of PEG and HPMC. Optimized NSs were incorporated into hydrogels (Carbopol, HPMC, NaCMC) and solid HPMC-based patches, then evaluated for drug release, ex vivo skin permeation, and stability.</p> Results <p>PEG-modified NSs increased significantly EE (26.68 ± 0.02%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared with that of NSs without PEG (17.91 ± 0.17%) while maintaining particle sizes less than 200&#xa0;nm. HPMC-based matrices provided sustained release; solid patches produced more prolonged release and higher stability than hydrogels while enhancing effective skin permeation and extending dermal residence time.</p> Conclusion <p>A PEG-modified-NSs loaded HPMC patch system was successfully developed for sustained transdermal delivery of DSP. This delivery platform demonstrated enhanced encapsulation efficiency, prolonged drug release, extended dermal residence time, improved formulation stability, and effective skin permeation, supporting its potential for anti-inflammatory therapy.</p>

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PEG-modified Niosome–Hydrogel Patch System for Sustained Transdermal Delivery of Dexamethasone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Bao Ngoc Tran,
  • Nhung Mai-Hong Nguyen,
  • Thanh-Ha Kieu,
  • Hong-Thi Tran,
  • Tung-Lam Tran,
  • Trang-Thi Vu,
  • Chien Ngoc Nguyen

摘要

Introduction

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP), a hydrophilic corticosteroid, is widely used for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders; however, its topical efficacy is limited by poor skin permeation and short residence time, requiring frequent application. To overcome these limitations, PEG (polyethylene glycol)-modified niosomes (NSs) incorporated into polymeric hydrogel and patch matrices were developed as a transdermal platform for sustained drug delivery and improved transdermal permeation.

Methods

DSP-loaded NSs were prepared by the ethanol injection method. The effects of formulation variables (cholesterol, surfactant, and excipients including poloxamer, PEG, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) were investigated. Vesicles were characterized for particle size (Z), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), morphology (SEM), and compatibility (FTIR). A design of experiments was applied to elucidate the roles of PEG and HPMC. Optimized NSs were incorporated into hydrogels (Carbopol, HPMC, NaCMC) and solid HPMC-based patches, then evaluated for drug release, ex vivo skin permeation, and stability.

Results

PEG-modified NSs increased significantly EE (26.68 ± 0.02%, p < 0.05) compared with that of NSs without PEG (17.91 ± 0.17%) while maintaining particle sizes less than 200 nm. HPMC-based matrices provided sustained release; solid patches produced more prolonged release and higher stability than hydrogels while enhancing effective skin permeation and extending dermal residence time.

Conclusion

A PEG-modified-NSs loaded HPMC patch system was successfully developed for sustained transdermal delivery of DSP. This delivery platform demonstrated enhanced encapsulation efficiency, prolonged drug release, extended dermal residence time, improved formulation stability, and effective skin permeation, supporting its potential for anti-inflammatory therapy.