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Purpose <p>This study aims to prepare a stable chrysin (Chr)-loaded nanoemulgel (NEc-gel) and assess it using different evaluation criteria to improve topical application.</p> Methods <p>After assessing oil and Smix (surfactant and co-surfactant) solubility, a pseudo-ternary phase (PTD) was developed for the formulation of Chr-loaded nanoemulsion (NEc) by a D-optimal mixture design approach. This was then evaluated through visual inspection, pH measurement, dilution tests, vesicular size (Zavg), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology utilising HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), and drug content assessment. Then, optimised NEc was incorporated to develop the NEc-gel, which was assessed by various parameters, including its physical properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, Attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), skin permeability study, and stability assessment.</p> Results <p>The optimized NEc led to the lowest average Zavg of 102.67 ± 0.333&#xa0;nm and PDI of 0.218 ± 0.0003. It was ultimately evaluated as an o/w NEc, displaying representative features like clarity, nanoscale globule dimensions, and uniformity while also exhibiting thermodynamic stability without any signs of phase separation. The NEc-gel-1.0 showed improved pharmaceutical properties compared to the plain gel (Pc-gel) formulation. The ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that the drug was compatible with the excipients. The NEc-gel-1.0 displayed similar pharmaceutical results with a marked product compared to other NEc-gels. The skin permeability studies showed an enhancement ratio of 1.29 when compared to the Pc-gel.</p> Conclusion <p>Our investigations proposed that the potential of the statistically designed NEc-gel-1.0 may be a significant alternative with a satisfactory formulation for topical application.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Formulation and Characterization of Nanoemulgel Loaded Chrysin for Topical Application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Asif Ali,
  • Nirupam Das,
  • Radhashyam Shit,
  • Koushik Sen Gupta,
  • Gouranga Nandi,
  • Bapi Ray Sarkar,
  • Ravi Bhushan Singh,
  • Jugal Sutradhar

摘要

Purpose

This study aims to prepare a stable chrysin (Chr)-loaded nanoemulgel (NEc-gel) and assess it using different evaluation criteria to improve topical application.

Methods

After assessing oil and Smix (surfactant and co-surfactant) solubility, a pseudo-ternary phase (PTD) was developed for the formulation of Chr-loaded nanoemulsion (NEc) by a D-optimal mixture design approach. This was then evaluated through visual inspection, pH measurement, dilution tests, vesicular size (Zavg), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology utilising HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), and drug content assessment. Then, optimised NEc was incorporated to develop the NEc-gel, which was assessed by various parameters, including its physical properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, Attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), skin permeability study, and stability assessment.

Results

The optimized NEc led to the lowest average Zavg of 102.67 ± 0.333 nm and PDI of 0.218 ± 0.0003. It was ultimately evaluated as an o/w NEc, displaying representative features like clarity, nanoscale globule dimensions, and uniformity while also exhibiting thermodynamic stability without any signs of phase separation. The NEc-gel-1.0 showed improved pharmaceutical properties compared to the plain gel (Pc-gel) formulation. The ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that the drug was compatible with the excipients. The NEc-gel-1.0 displayed similar pharmaceutical results with a marked product compared to other NEc-gels. The skin permeability studies showed an enhancement ratio of 1.29 when compared to the Pc-gel.

Conclusion

Our investigations proposed that the potential of the statistically designed NEc-gel-1.0 may be a significant alternative with a satisfactory formulation for topical application.

Graphical Abstract