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Introduction <p>The wood apple <i>Limonia acidissima</i> Linn has long been used in Ayurveda to treat urinary and renal conditions. Despite its wide use in traditional medicine, there is no systematic evidence to support its antiurolithiatic effectiveness. By analyzing the protective effect of <i>Limonia acidissima</i> leaf extract in ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis and investigating its underlying mechanisms, this study justifies its traditional use.</p> Materials and Methods <p>In this study, the antiurolithiatic effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of <i>Limonia acidissima</i> Linn (ELELA) were investigated by assessing its therapeutic efficacy and urine and serum biochemical indicators in a urolithiatic rat model. Wistar albino rats were categorized into five groups (1–5). Urolithiasis was induced in all groups except the normal control group by administering 0.75% v/v EG in drinking water for 28&#xa0;days. Treatment groups were administered either the usual medication (cystone 750&#xa0;mg/kg) or ELELA at dosages of 200&#xa0;mg/kg and 400&#xa0;mg/kg, respectively. Urine and serum biochemical indicators were assessed, along with calcium and phosphorus concentrations in kidney homogenates. A histopathological examination of the renal tissue was conducted.</p> Results <p>EG-induced urolithiatic rats exhibited significant increases in urinary calcium, phosphate, uric acid, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), along with decreased urinary pH and magnesium. ELELA treatment, particularly at a dose of 400&#xa0;mg/kg, significantly reversed these alterations, restored normal renal function, and reduced renal crystal deposition. Histological examination confirmed the protection of glomeruli and tubules, which was comparable to the standard treatment.</p> Conclusion <p><i>Limonia acidissima</i> Linn demonstrated significant antiurolithiatic and nephroprotective effects, likely through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and crystal-inhibiting mechanisms attributed to its phytoconstituents. These findings corroborate its historical applications and suggest its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for urolithiasis.</p>

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Phytoprotective Effects of Limonia acidissima Linn against Crystalline Damage: Examining the Renal Protective Role in Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis in Rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Umme Habiba,
  • Madhu M. Chandra,
  • Rounak Seal,
  • Debdip Mandal,
  • Anirban Karmakar,
  • Sandipan Dasgupta,
  • Sumel Ashique,
  • Mohhammad Ramzan,
  • Md Sadique Hussain,
  • Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar,
  • Mohammad Khalid,
  • Sabina Yasmin,
  • Md Yousuf Ansari

摘要

Introduction

The wood apple Limonia acidissima Linn has long been used in Ayurveda to treat urinary and renal conditions. Despite its wide use in traditional medicine, there is no systematic evidence to support its antiurolithiatic effectiveness. By analyzing the protective effect of Limonia acidissima leaf extract in ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis and investigating its underlying mechanisms, this study justifies its traditional use.

Materials and Methods

In this study, the antiurolithiatic effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of Limonia acidissima Linn (ELELA) were investigated by assessing its therapeutic efficacy and urine and serum biochemical indicators in a urolithiatic rat model. Wistar albino rats were categorized into five groups (1–5). Urolithiasis was induced in all groups except the normal control group by administering 0.75% v/v EG in drinking water for 28 days. Treatment groups were administered either the usual medication (cystone 750 mg/kg) or ELELA at dosages of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Urine and serum biochemical indicators were assessed, along with calcium and phosphorus concentrations in kidney homogenates. A histopathological examination of the renal tissue was conducted.

Results

EG-induced urolithiatic rats exhibited significant increases in urinary calcium, phosphate, uric acid, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), along with decreased urinary pH and magnesium. ELELA treatment, particularly at a dose of 400 mg/kg, significantly reversed these alterations, restored normal renal function, and reduced renal crystal deposition. Histological examination confirmed the protection of glomeruli and tubules, which was comparable to the standard treatment.

Conclusion

Limonia acidissima Linn demonstrated significant antiurolithiatic and nephroprotective effects, likely through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and crystal-inhibiting mechanisms attributed to its phytoconstituents. These findings corroborate its historical applications and suggest its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for urolithiasis.