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Introduction <p>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. <i>Momordica dioica</i> (MD) possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective potential, but its role in PD has not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract of <i>Momordica dioica</i> (MEMD) against rotenone-induced PD in Swiss albino mice.</p> Methods <p>PD was induced by rotenone (1.5&#xa0;mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 days. Animals were treated with MEMD (100, 200, and 400&#xa0;mg/kg, p.o.) or standard therapy (levodopa 200&#xa0;mg/kg + carbidopa 50&#xa0;mg/kg). Behavioral assessments (Elevated Plus Maze and Forced Swim Test) were conducted on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA, nitrite, antioxidant enzymes), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), and MAO-B activity were estimated. On day 28, brain histopathology was performed to confirm neuroprotection.</p> Results <p>MEMD, particularly at 400&#xa0;mg/kg, significantly improved behavioral outcomes, reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and inhibited MAO-B activity compared with the disease control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Histopathological findings further supported neuronal protection.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings suggest that MEMD exerts neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced PD, likely mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and MAO-B inhibitory mechanisms. The study highlights the potential of <i>Momordica dioica</i> as a promising candidate for PD management and warrants further mechanistic exploration.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Comparative Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Momordica Dioica in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson’s Disease in Albino Mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Vrushali Neve,
  • Ketaki Yeralkar,
  • Veeranjaneyulu Addepalli,
  • Pawan Karwa,
  • Ritesh Bhole,
  • Sayyed Saqlain

摘要

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Momordica dioica (MD) possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective potential, but its role in PD has not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract of Momordica dioica (MEMD) against rotenone-induced PD in Swiss albino mice.

Methods

PD was induced by rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 days. Animals were treated with MEMD (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or standard therapy (levodopa 200 mg/kg + carbidopa 50 mg/kg). Behavioral assessments (Elevated Plus Maze and Forced Swim Test) were conducted on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA, nitrite, antioxidant enzymes), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), and MAO-B activity were estimated. On day 28, brain histopathology was performed to confirm neuroprotection.

Results

MEMD, particularly at 400 mg/kg, significantly improved behavioral outcomes, reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and inhibited MAO-B activity compared with the disease control group (p < 0.0001). Histopathological findings further supported neuronal protection.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that MEMD exerts neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced PD, likely mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and MAO-B inhibitory mechanisms. The study highlights the potential of Momordica dioica as a promising candidate for PD management and warrants further mechanistic exploration.

Graphical Abstract