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Background <p>Acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory condition of sebaceous glands, is often linked to microbial colonization (e.g., <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and inflammatory factors. This study explores the potential of <i>Eucalyptus galbie</i> and green tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) extracts, delivered via niosomes, to combat acne. Niosomes, non-ionic surfactant vesicles, offer targeted drug delivery and improved pharmaceutical properties, particularly for topical applications.</p> Methods <p><i>Eucalyptus</i> and green tea extracts were obtained via hot maceration, standardized for phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. Niosomes, encapsulating 2% (w/v) of <i>Eucalyptus</i> and green tea extract (EGTN) were provided using the thin-film hydration method. Three selected EGTNs were characterized for particle size, physical stability, extract retention, and release study. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays were performed against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> to evaluate antimicrobial activity.</p> Results <p>Optimal EGTNs with varying ratios of cholesterol, tween 40, span 40, tween 60, and span 60 were prepared. The combination of ST40/cholesterol (70:30) (EGTN of E1) exhibited the most promising antimicrobial activity, favorable particle size, stability, retention, and sustained release of the plant extracts. The MIC and MBC values against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> were approximately 1250 µg/mL and 312.5 µg/mL, respectively.</p> Conclusion <p>In conclusion, niosomal structures enhance antibacterial effect, stability, and release profile of plant extracts compared to the non-niosomal form. The E1 niosome showed promise as an anti-acne product, warranting further toxicological and clinical evaluation.</p>

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Formulation and Physicochemical Characterisation of Niosomes Containing Standardized Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus galbie) and Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) with Potential Anti-Acne Effect

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Himidreza Bigham,
  • Abbas Pardakhty,
  • Salehe Sabouri,
  • Soode Salarpour,
  • Fariba Sharififar

摘要

Background

Acne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory condition of sebaceous glands, is often linked to microbial colonization (e.g., Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus) and inflammatory factors. This study explores the potential of Eucalyptus galbie and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts, delivered via niosomes, to combat acne. Niosomes, non-ionic surfactant vesicles, offer targeted drug delivery and improved pharmaceutical properties, particularly for topical applications.

Methods

Eucalyptus and green tea extracts were obtained via hot maceration, standardized for phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. Niosomes, encapsulating 2% (w/v) of Eucalyptus and green tea extract (EGTN) were provided using the thin-film hydration method. Three selected EGTNs were characterized for particle size, physical stability, extract retention, and release study. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays were performed against S. aureus and S. epidermidis to evaluate antimicrobial activity.

Results

Optimal EGTNs with varying ratios of cholesterol, tween 40, span 40, tween 60, and span 60 were prepared. The combination of ST40/cholesterol (70:30) (EGTN of E1) exhibited the most promising antimicrobial activity, favorable particle size, stability, retention, and sustained release of the plant extracts. The MIC and MBC values against S. aureus and S. epidermidis were approximately 1250 µg/mL and 312.5 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion

In conclusion, niosomal structures enhance antibacterial effect, stability, and release profile of plant extracts compared to the non-niosomal form. The E1 niosome showed promise as an anti-acne product, warranting further toxicological and clinical evaluation.