BTDM: a blockchain-driven trust-based misbehavior detection framework for the IoV
摘要
We propose BTDM, a decentralized blockchain-assisted authentication and trust-management framework for the Internet of Vehicles. Unlike conventional certificate-based approaches, BTDM eliminates dependence on a centralized Certificate Authority by allowing vehicles and RSUs to generate their own cryptographic key pairs and authenticate through session-bound zk-SNARK proofs. Authentication combines OTP-based freshness verification, privacy-preserving credential validation, and blockchain-assisted authorization checking. Following successful authentication, forward-secret session keys are established using ephemeral ECDHE and HKDF-based key derivation to support lightweight authenticated communication. BTDM further incorporates adaptive trust management with evidence-backed RSU voting, reputation-weighted penalties, trust recovery, and quorum-based revocation. To reduce revocation overhead, Bloom-filter-based certificate revocation lists are anchored on the blockchain, while TESLA-based authentication enables efficient V2V beacon dissemination. Closed-form communication models and NS-2.35 simulations are used to evaluate the proposed framework. Results demonstrate that BTDM reduces communication overhead by up to 9.3