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<p>Coastal multihazards pose escalating threats to regional socio-economic and ecological sustainability, yet comprehensive, system-wide evaluations remain scarce for geologically diverse and rapidly developing regions. This study executes the first integrated multihazard assessment of the Guangxi coastal area (Beibu Gulf, China) to map spatial vulnerabilities and formulate site-specific, proactive mitigation strategies. Utilizing the Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW) framework, we analyzed six foundational biogeophysical parameters. Cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) computations, high-resolution remote sensing, machine learning classification (Random Forest), and global hydrodynamic models were employed to obtain those parameters and compute spatial multihazard indices for ecosystem disruption, gradual inundation, saltwater intrusion, erosion, and coastal flooding. The findings reveal a critical coastal paradox: despite operating within a protected ambient wave climate (significant wave height &lt; 1&#xa0;m), the Beibu Gulf exhibits severe multihazard vulnerability. This extreme hazard profile is not wave-driven; rather, it is propelled by the synergistic interactions of a funnel-amplified macrotidal regime (tidal range &gt; 4&#xa0;m), highly unconsolidated sedimentary landforms (comprising &gt; 63% of the coast), a chronic regional sediment deficit affecting 50.45% of the shoreline, and the increasing frequency of extreme monsoonal typhoons. Consequently, tidal inlets/sand spits/river mouths, deltas, and subsiding sedimentary plains face severe, compounding physical hazards, whereas the sloping soft rock and coral reef environments of Weizhou Island are physically robust but moderately susceptible to ecosystem disruption and erosion. To translate these spatial hazard models into actionable governance, a localized coastal management matrix was developed. The results strongly advocate for a strategic paradigm shift from reactive hard engineering to targeted Nature-based Solutions (NbS). Prioritizing wetland and mangrove restoration is essential to buffer unconsolidated shorelines, while structural interventions must be strictly reserved for critical infrastructure. Ultimately, this integrated methodology provides a dynamic, scalable decision-support tool to optimize resource allocation and secure the long-term resilience of the Beibu Gulf.</p>

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Coastal Multihazard Assessment along the Guangxi Coastal Area of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Bachtiar W. Mutaqin,
  • Chong-Jin Pang

摘要

Coastal multihazards pose escalating threats to regional socio-economic and ecological sustainability, yet comprehensive, system-wide evaluations remain scarce for geologically diverse and rapidly developing regions. This study executes the first integrated multihazard assessment of the Guangxi coastal area (Beibu Gulf, China) to map spatial vulnerabilities and formulate site-specific, proactive mitigation strategies. Utilizing the Coastal Hazard Wheel (CHW) framework, we analyzed six foundational biogeophysical parameters. Cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) computations, high-resolution remote sensing, machine learning classification (Random Forest), and global hydrodynamic models were employed to obtain those parameters and compute spatial multihazard indices for ecosystem disruption, gradual inundation, saltwater intrusion, erosion, and coastal flooding. The findings reveal a critical coastal paradox: despite operating within a protected ambient wave climate (significant wave height < 1 m), the Beibu Gulf exhibits severe multihazard vulnerability. This extreme hazard profile is not wave-driven; rather, it is propelled by the synergistic interactions of a funnel-amplified macrotidal regime (tidal range > 4 m), highly unconsolidated sedimentary landforms (comprising > 63% of the coast), a chronic regional sediment deficit affecting 50.45% of the shoreline, and the increasing frequency of extreme monsoonal typhoons. Consequently, tidal inlets/sand spits/river mouths, deltas, and subsiding sedimentary plains face severe, compounding physical hazards, whereas the sloping soft rock and coral reef environments of Weizhou Island are physically robust but moderately susceptible to ecosystem disruption and erosion. To translate these spatial hazard models into actionable governance, a localized coastal management matrix was developed. The results strongly advocate for a strategic paradigm shift from reactive hard engineering to targeted Nature-based Solutions (NbS). Prioritizing wetland and mangrove restoration is essential to buffer unconsolidated shorelines, while structural interventions must be strictly reserved for critical infrastructure. Ultimately, this integrated methodology provides a dynamic, scalable decision-support tool to optimize resource allocation and secure the long-term resilience of the Beibu Gulf.