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<p>Reclamation induces habitat fragmentation and hydrological disconnection, impairing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) adsorption in wetland soils. Concurrently, accelerated decomposition and reduced plant photosynthesis suppress carbon accumulation. These processes weaken the synergistic coupling between carbon storage (CS) and water purification (WP) function. Despite established evidence of reclamation impacts, critical knowledge gaps persist in diagnosing threshold-dependent functional relationship shifts. Focusing on the coastal wetlands of the Liaohe River Delta (LRD)—a globally significant estuarine system in China. This study integrates multi-source remote sensing and field data, coupling the InVEST model, local hotspot analysis, and segmented quantile regression to dissect nonlinear response of multi-dimensional reclamation on the CS–WP functional synergies. Results quantified a stark functional contrast: Croplands maintain moderate to high CS but exhibit the weakest WP function, as indicated by the highest N &amp; P export load (e.g., 0.697&#xa0;kg/ha for dry farmland and 0.750&#xa0;kg/ha for paddy fields). In contrast, reed wetlands demonstrate a synergistic relationship, sustaining superior CS (20.29 t/ha) concurrently with effective water purification. A set of optimal thresholds were identified to sustain synergy, including population density of less than 129 people/km², NDVI of 0.16–0.26, agricultural intensity of 0.017–0.072, and distance to roads of 1.415–5.337&#xa0;km. Aquaculture intensity should be kept below 0.16 when purification equipment is used. Applying these results enables a spatially tailored management framework for regulating ecological functional relationships in areas with high population density, agricultural and aquaculture intensity, and impervious surface coverage.</p>

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Nonlinear Thresholds in Carbon–Water Functional Synergies under Coastal Reclamation in the Liaohe River Delta, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Xiaolu Yan,
  • Caixia Wei,
  • Yuxiang Sun,
  • Yuanman Hu

摘要

Reclamation induces habitat fragmentation and hydrological disconnection, impairing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) adsorption in wetland soils. Concurrently, accelerated decomposition and reduced plant photosynthesis suppress carbon accumulation. These processes weaken the synergistic coupling between carbon storage (CS) and water purification (WP) function. Despite established evidence of reclamation impacts, critical knowledge gaps persist in diagnosing threshold-dependent functional relationship shifts. Focusing on the coastal wetlands of the Liaohe River Delta (LRD)—a globally significant estuarine system in China. This study integrates multi-source remote sensing and field data, coupling the InVEST model, local hotspot analysis, and segmented quantile regression to dissect nonlinear response of multi-dimensional reclamation on the CS–WP functional synergies. Results quantified a stark functional contrast: Croplands maintain moderate to high CS but exhibit the weakest WP function, as indicated by the highest N & P export load (e.g., 0.697 kg/ha for dry farmland and 0.750 kg/ha for paddy fields). In contrast, reed wetlands demonstrate a synergistic relationship, sustaining superior CS (20.29 t/ha) concurrently with effective water purification. A set of optimal thresholds were identified to sustain synergy, including population density of less than 129 people/km², NDVI of 0.16–0.26, agricultural intensity of 0.017–0.072, and distance to roads of 1.415–5.337 km. Aquaculture intensity should be kept below 0.16 when purification equipment is used. Applying these results enables a spatially tailored management framework for regulating ecological functional relationships in areas with high population density, agricultural and aquaculture intensity, and impervious surface coverage.