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<p>Late blight, caused by <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, remains one of the most devastating diseases of potato worldwide, which causes significant yield losses in major potato growing regions. Its ‘Irish Potato Famine’ history reminds us of a lesson, how a single pathogen with high genetic plasticity and an ability to exploit monoculture systems, can destabilize food systems at continental scales. This underscores the need for durable, sustainable resistance for this deadly pathogen. Breeding for resistance is widely recognized as the most sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to manage this disease. This review summarizes recent advancements in both conventional and molecular potato breeding strategies, which also highlights their integration into practical potato breeding programs. Traditional approaches such as gene pyramiding and introgression of resistance (R) genes from wild Solanum relatives are now complemented by modern tools which includes marker-assisted selection (MAS), haplotype based GWAS, genomic selection (GS), pan-genomics and gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 to accelerate the development of late blight-resistant cultivars with broad-spectrum and durable resistance. Integrating these molecular tools with conventional phenotypic selection is shown to shorten breeding cycles and enhance cultivar adaptation to evolving new pathogen populations. Emerging new resources like pan-genomics and haplotype analysis provide a more comprehensive understanding of potato genetic diversity, which enables the identification of novel resistance alleles for crop improvement. Despite significant progress, challenges remain: <i>P. infestans</i> is highly adaptive, environmental variability can undermine resistance, and the potato tetraploid genome complicates genetic analysis and breeding. Achieving long-lasting late blight control will require a multifaceted approach that combines multiple R genes or quantitative resistance loci with broader integrated disease management practices. Finally, future directions emphasize linking breeding with integrated disease management and incorporating multi-omics data and climate-resilience considerations into breeding programs to ensure long-term, sustainable control of late blight.</p>

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Advancing Breeding Strategies for Late Blight Resistance in Potatoes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月17日

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  • Zulfiqar Ali Sahito,
  • Vikas Mangal,
  • Oswald Nkurikiyimfura,
  • Ibrahim M. Abouelgalagel,
  • Sandeep Kumar Singh,
  • Salej Sood,
  • Zhijian Zhao,
  • Jianming Bai,
  • Zhechao Pan

摘要

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, remains one of the most devastating diseases of potato worldwide, which causes significant yield losses in major potato growing regions. Its ‘Irish Potato Famine’ history reminds us of a lesson, how a single pathogen with high genetic plasticity and an ability to exploit monoculture systems, can destabilize food systems at continental scales. This underscores the need for durable, sustainable resistance for this deadly pathogen. Breeding for resistance is widely recognized as the most sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to manage this disease. This review summarizes recent advancements in both conventional and molecular potato breeding strategies, which also highlights their integration into practical potato breeding programs. Traditional approaches such as gene pyramiding and introgression of resistance (R) genes from wild Solanum relatives are now complemented by modern tools which includes marker-assisted selection (MAS), haplotype based GWAS, genomic selection (GS), pan-genomics and gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 to accelerate the development of late blight-resistant cultivars with broad-spectrum and durable resistance. Integrating these molecular tools with conventional phenotypic selection is shown to shorten breeding cycles and enhance cultivar adaptation to evolving new pathogen populations. Emerging new resources like pan-genomics and haplotype analysis provide a more comprehensive understanding of potato genetic diversity, which enables the identification of novel resistance alleles for crop improvement. Despite significant progress, challenges remain: P. infestans is highly adaptive, environmental variability can undermine resistance, and the potato tetraploid genome complicates genetic analysis and breeding. Achieving long-lasting late blight control will require a multifaceted approach that combines multiple R genes or quantitative resistance loci with broader integrated disease management practices. Finally, future directions emphasize linking breeding with integrated disease management and incorporating multi-omics data and climate-resilience considerations into breeding programs to ensure long-term, sustainable control of late blight.