<p>Climate change presents significant challenges to plant reproductive processes, influencing key stages such as flowering, pollen and ovule development, pollination, and seed formation. Extreme temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and other climate-induced stressors disrupt these processes with varying impacts across species and ecosystems. These disruptions threaten food security and ecosystem services, necessitating a deeper understanding of the plant reproductive responses to climate change. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms by which climate change affects plant reproduction, emphasizing the role of gene expression and stress-responsive pathways in enhancing reproductive tolerance. This highlights promising genomic-assisted breeding techniques, including CRISPR-based genome editing, as tools for developing climate-resilient crops. A critical challenge remains in understanding plant responses to combined stressors, such as drought and heat, and their long-term implications on reproductive success. Addressing these challenges requires a deeper exploration of key molecular pathways, such as gene expression and stress response mechanisms, and their roles in diverse ecosystems. Predictive modeling, coupled with collaboration among researchers, breeders, and policymakers, is crucial for integrating these advancements into sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring food security under changing climatic conditions.</p>