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<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most critical healthcare concerns worldwide, specifically amplified by the ESKAPE pathogens, which represent the six most nosocomial pathogens: <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Enterobacter</i> species. The ESKAPE pathogens pose a crucial challenge due to their unique ability to acquire resistance to most of the currently available drugs. Globally, a serious and alarming prevalence trajectory of ESKAPE pathogens has been seen, responsible for healthcare-associated infections, such as urinary tract infection (UTI) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). These infections are considered one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This review highlights an emerging trend of AMR associated with UTI and VAP in hospital settings. Furthermore, this review discusses the key mediators of host immune response against ESKAPE pathogens involved in causing UTI and VAP. Developing specific therapeutics and enhancing antimicrobial stewardship strategies against these pathogens may contribute to curbing the growing menace of AMR.</p>

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Host-pathogen interactions during ESKAPE-mediated urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Tejpal Sharma,
  • Pankaj Chandley

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most critical healthcare concerns worldwide, specifically amplified by the ESKAPE pathogens, which represent the six most nosocomial pathogens: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. The ESKAPE pathogens pose a crucial challenge due to their unique ability to acquire resistance to most of the currently available drugs. Globally, a serious and alarming prevalence trajectory of ESKAPE pathogens has been seen, responsible for healthcare-associated infections, such as urinary tract infection (UTI) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). These infections are considered one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This review highlights an emerging trend of AMR associated with UTI and VAP in hospital settings. Furthermore, this review discusses the key mediators of host immune response against ESKAPE pathogens involved in causing UTI and VAP. Developing specific therapeutics and enhancing antimicrobial stewardship strategies against these pathogens may contribute to curbing the growing menace of AMR.