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<p>The precise regulation and timely expression of bacterial genes during infection are of paramount importance for the pathogenicity of pathogens. Bacteria employ diverse mechanisms to govern gene expression in response to the environment, among which two-component systems (TCSs) play a significant role. TCSs encompass two key components, including a sensory histidine kinase that undergoes autophosphorylation upon activation by a specific signal. Following activation, the sensory histidine kinase transfers the phosphoryl group to the second component, referred to as the response regulator, which subsequently triggers the transcription of target genes. Bioinformatic analysis of sequenced <i>Vibrio</i> isolates predicts that a considerable number of strains possess a minimum of 50 TCSs. However, the majority of these TCSs remain poorly characterized concerning the signals that activate the virulence genes associated with type III secretion system (T3SS), type VI secretion system (T6SS), quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and lipopolysaccharide. This review aims to elucidate TCSs that have been identified to be influential in the modulation of virulence factors in <i>Vibrio</i> species. Given the involvement of numerous TCSs in the regulation of virulence factors, these systems present promising prospects as novel therapeutic targets. Therefore, deciphering their precise functionality holds the utmost significance in comprehending the pathogenesis of <i>Vibrio</i> species.</p>

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Two-component systems in Vibrio species: Regulation of virulence and implications for therapeutic development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Fei Zha,
  • Chun-Xu Xue,
  • Zhengwei Zhang

摘要

The precise regulation and timely expression of bacterial genes during infection are of paramount importance for the pathogenicity of pathogens. Bacteria employ diverse mechanisms to govern gene expression in response to the environment, among which two-component systems (TCSs) play a significant role. TCSs encompass two key components, including a sensory histidine kinase that undergoes autophosphorylation upon activation by a specific signal. Following activation, the sensory histidine kinase transfers the phosphoryl group to the second component, referred to as the response regulator, which subsequently triggers the transcription of target genes. Bioinformatic analysis of sequenced Vibrio isolates predicts that a considerable number of strains possess a minimum of 50 TCSs. However, the majority of these TCSs remain poorly characterized concerning the signals that activate the virulence genes associated with type III secretion system (T3SS), type VI secretion system (T6SS), quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and lipopolysaccharide. This review aims to elucidate TCSs that have been identified to be influential in the modulation of virulence factors in Vibrio species. Given the involvement of numerous TCSs in the regulation of virulence factors, these systems present promising prospects as novel therapeutic targets. Therefore, deciphering their precise functionality holds the utmost significance in comprehending the pathogenesis of Vibrio species.