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<p>In ecologically sound agriculture, <i>Trichoderma</i> species have become powerful biological control agents (BCAs) exhibiting a variety of functions. Their methods of action, ecological flexibility, and synergistic interactions within the rhizosphere are highlighted in this review, which thoroughly examines their suitability for regulating fungal and nematode phytopathogens. Using mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, and the development of systemic resistance in plants, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. demonstrates antagonistic action. Additionally, they generate a variety of secondary bioactive metabolites and enzymes that interfere with nematode life cycles and prevent the formation of pathogens. <i>T. virens</i>,<i> T. harzianum</i>,<i> T. koningii</i>,<i> T. pseudokoningii</i>,<i> T. longibrachiatum</i>,<i> T. asperellum</i>,<i> T. polysporum</i>, and <i>T. viride</i> are primarily responsible for having the most operational biocontrol characteristics. In both greenhouse and field settings, these species significantly influence the emergence of plant illnesses triggered by <i>R. solani</i>,<i> Sclerotium rolfsii</i>,<i> Pythium aphanidermatium</i>,<i> Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i>,<i> Verticillium dahliae</i>,<i> Fusarium oxysporum</i>, and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>. Cereal cyst nematode eggs and second-instar larvae are highly susceptible to the deadly effects of <i>Trichoderma</i> with nematicidal activity, which primarily consists of <i>T. longibrachiatum</i>,<i> T. viride</i>,<i> T. harzianum</i>,<i> T. Hamatum</i>,<i> T. atroviride</i>, and <i>T. koningii</i>. As a result, the <i>Trichoderma</i> species exhibits a significant developmental trajectory in its function in the sustainability advancement of agribusiness.</p>

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Applicability of Trichoderma spp. in sustainable agriculture against fungal and nematode phytopathogens: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Asha Ram Meena

摘要

In ecologically sound agriculture, Trichoderma species have become powerful biological control agents (BCAs) exhibiting a variety of functions. Their methods of action, ecological flexibility, and synergistic interactions within the rhizosphere are highlighted in this review, which thoroughly examines their suitability for regulating fungal and nematode phytopathogens. Using mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, and the development of systemic resistance in plants, Trichoderma spp. demonstrates antagonistic action. Additionally, they generate a variety of secondary bioactive metabolites and enzymes that interfere with nematode life cycles and prevent the formation of pathogens. T. virens, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. pseudokoningii, T. longibrachiatum, T. asperellum, T. polysporum, and T. viride are primarily responsible for having the most operational biocontrol characteristics. In both greenhouse and field settings, these species significantly influence the emergence of plant illnesses triggered by R. solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium aphanidermatium, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium culmorum. Cereal cyst nematode eggs and second-instar larvae are highly susceptible to the deadly effects of Trichoderma with nematicidal activity, which primarily consists of T. longibrachiatum, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. Hamatum, T. atroviride, and T. koningii. As a result, the Trichoderma species exhibits a significant developmental trajectory in its function in the sustainability advancement of agribusiness.