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<p>To address the bacterial growth in sweat-contaminated sportswear and meet the demand for green materials, this study used lignin as a reducing and stabilizing agent to prepare lignin silver nanoparticles (L-AgNPs) via a one-step green method. Their application in antibacterial modification of sportswear fabric was then explored. The structure and properties of L-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). L-AgNPs at different concentrations were loaded onto fabrics, and artificial sweat was used to simulate different exercise intensities. Results indicated that L-AgNP-treated fabrics inhibited <i>E. coli</i> proliferation at varying sweat concentrations, as confirmed by antibacterial zone tests and <i>E. coli</i> growth curve analyses. Under simulated high-intensity exercise conditions, the antibacterial rate remains stable at over 85.8% even at the optimal modification concentration of 40&#xa0;mg/mL. This study clarified the relationship between the structure of L-AgNPs and antibacterial activity and identified the antibacterial conditions in sports scenarios. This study only selected <i>E. coli</i> as the model bacteria and tested only polyester-cotton-blended sportswear fabric. It is hoped that future research will expand the types of bacteria, increase the variety of fabrics, and improve experimental studies on washability and leaching behavior evaluation. These findings provide a green, feasible modification strategy for developing durable antibacterial sportswear fabrics adaptable to different exercise intensity sweat environments.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>

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Antibacterial Effects of Lignin Silver Nanoparticle-Modified Sportswear on Sweat at Different Exercise Intensities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • Wenlong Zhou,
  • Ruihan Ren,
  • Lin Zhu,
  • Fei li

摘要

To address the bacterial growth in sweat-contaminated sportswear and meet the demand for green materials, this study used lignin as a reducing and stabilizing agent to prepare lignin silver nanoparticles (L-AgNPs) via a one-step green method. Their application in antibacterial modification of sportswear fabric was then explored. The structure and properties of L-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). L-AgNPs at different concentrations were loaded onto fabrics, and artificial sweat was used to simulate different exercise intensities. Results indicated that L-AgNP-treated fabrics inhibited E. coli proliferation at varying sweat concentrations, as confirmed by antibacterial zone tests and E. coli growth curve analyses. Under simulated high-intensity exercise conditions, the antibacterial rate remains stable at over 85.8% even at the optimal modification concentration of 40 mg/mL. This study clarified the relationship between the structure of L-AgNPs and antibacterial activity and identified the antibacterial conditions in sports scenarios. This study only selected E. coli as the model bacteria and tested only polyester-cotton-blended sportswear fabric. It is hoped that future research will expand the types of bacteria, increase the variety of fabrics, and improve experimental studies on washability and leaching behavior evaluation. These findings provide a green, feasible modification strategy for developing durable antibacterial sportswear fabrics adaptable to different exercise intensity sweat environments.

Graphic Abstract