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<p>Sandwich beams are widely employed in contemporary lightweight structures because of the excellent stiffness-to-weight ratio and improved load-carrying capacity; however, the interplay among material heterogeneity and transverse shear deformation poses considerable challenges for precise stress and buckling predictions using classical beam theories. This paper establishes an enhanced analytical framework utilizing higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to examine the stress and buckling characteristics of sandwich beams. The governing equations are derived from the minimum potential energy, ensuring compliance with compatibility relations and boundary constraints. This study investigates the mechanical response of a three-layer sandwich beam with carbon nanotube (CNT)- and carbon nanorod (CNR)-reinforced face plates and different core configurations, including hexagonal chiral lattice, honeycomb, and foam cores, using a modified displacement field. This formulation allows for accurate evaluation of the transverse deflection, stress distribution, preload, and buckling behavior under various mechanical and thermal conditions. The effects of geometric parameters related to the honeycomb and hexagonal chiral lattice cores, core-to-total thickness ratio, material stiffness, loading patterns, temperature, and length-to-thickness ratio are systematically investigated. A comparative analysis of different structural configurations shows that sandwich beams with CNT-reinforced face plates and hexagonal chiral network cores exhibit better buckling performance. In contrast, foam cores result in higher preload levels. Stress analysis shows that hexagonal chiral network cores effectively reduce the normal stress variations and increase the shear stress in the core region. Overall, the proposed configuration offers improved stability and mechanical performance, making it a promising candidate for advanced lightweight structural applications. The distribution of types 2 and 3 has an effect of the same (− 50.54%) on the lateral deflection of the structure compared to the distribution of type 1 in <i>q</i><sub><i>0</i></sub> = 50&#xa0;K&#xa0;N/m. Types 3, 4, 5, and 6 in compared to the distribution of type 1 have effects of 50%, 29.67%, and − 21.97%, on the lateral deflection of the structure, respectively. In addition, CNT reinforcements are compared to CNR in structures with foam, honeycomb, and hexagonal chiral lattice cores that it leads to cause an increase in the 44%, 102%, and 575% on the buckling load of the sandwich structure, respectively. Types 2 and 3 affect the transverse deflection based on <i>N</i><sub><i>0</i></sub>/critical buckling load by the same (− 47%), and also, types 4, 5, and 6 in compared to type 1 by 52%, 35%, and − 14%, respectively.</p>

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Refined Thermal Stress and Buckling Analyses of a Sandwich Beam with Different Types of Face Sheets and Cores Using Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Hossein Amini-Sedeh,
  • Mehdi Mohammadimehr,
  • Alireza Hariri,
  • Fatemeh Bargozini

摘要

Sandwich beams are widely employed in contemporary lightweight structures because of the excellent stiffness-to-weight ratio and improved load-carrying capacity; however, the interplay among material heterogeneity and transverse shear deformation poses considerable challenges for precise stress and buckling predictions using classical beam theories. This paper establishes an enhanced analytical framework utilizing higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to examine the stress and buckling characteristics of sandwich beams. The governing equations are derived from the minimum potential energy, ensuring compliance with compatibility relations and boundary constraints. This study investigates the mechanical response of a three-layer sandwich beam with carbon nanotube (CNT)- and carbon nanorod (CNR)-reinforced face plates and different core configurations, including hexagonal chiral lattice, honeycomb, and foam cores, using a modified displacement field. This formulation allows for accurate evaluation of the transverse deflection, stress distribution, preload, and buckling behavior under various mechanical and thermal conditions. The effects of geometric parameters related to the honeycomb and hexagonal chiral lattice cores, core-to-total thickness ratio, material stiffness, loading patterns, temperature, and length-to-thickness ratio are systematically investigated. A comparative analysis of different structural configurations shows that sandwich beams with CNT-reinforced face plates and hexagonal chiral network cores exhibit better buckling performance. In contrast, foam cores result in higher preload levels. Stress analysis shows that hexagonal chiral network cores effectively reduce the normal stress variations and increase the shear stress in the core region. Overall, the proposed configuration offers improved stability and mechanical performance, making it a promising candidate for advanced lightweight structural applications. The distribution of types 2 and 3 has an effect of the same (− 50.54%) on the lateral deflection of the structure compared to the distribution of type 1 in q0 = 50 K N/m. Types 3, 4, 5, and 6 in compared to the distribution of type 1 have effects of 50%, 29.67%, and − 21.97%, on the lateral deflection of the structure, respectively. In addition, CNT reinforcements are compared to CNR in structures with foam, honeycomb, and hexagonal chiral lattice cores that it leads to cause an increase in the 44%, 102%, and 575% on the buckling load of the sandwich structure, respectively. Types 2 and 3 affect the transverse deflection based on N0/critical buckling load by the same (− 47%), and also, types 4, 5, and 6 in compared to type 1 by 52%, 35%, and − 14%, respectively.