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<p>This work reports on the fabrication of seashell powder (SSP)-reinforced glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) via the vacuum-assisted resin infusion microwave curing (VARIMC) technique. Composites were fabricated with SSP loadings of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt%. The composites underwent mechanical characterizations (tensile, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and Izod impact) and thermal characterizations (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)), followed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Mechanical characterization revealed improvements of 19%, 20%, and 40% in tensile, ILSS, and impact strengths at 2, 1.5, and 2.5 wt% SSP, reaching maximum values of 376&#xa0;MPa, 30&#xa0;MPa, and 87&#xa0;kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, compared to the neat composite. The incorporation of 1.5 wt% SSP demonstrated a 28 °C increase in the onset degradation temperature, as confirmed by TGA and a cross-linked epoxy network, as evidenced by DSC. DMA showed 34% and 12% increases in storage and loss modulus of SSP-reinforced GFRPCs than the neat composite. Furthermore, micro-CT analysis revealed the presence of micro-voids within the neat composite. The authors concluded that SSP incorporation significantly improves thermo-mechanical performance at optimum concentrations. However, the synergistic integration of SSP with the VARIMC technique enhances composite performance and sustainability, demonstrating strong potential for marine applications.</p>

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Microwave-Cured GFRP Composites Reinforced with Seashell Powder: Mechanical, Thermal, and Micro-CT Characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Sahil,
  • Rohith Gandi,
  • Rajesh Kumar Prusty,
  • Sunny Zafar

摘要

This work reports on the fabrication of seashell powder (SSP)-reinforced glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) via the vacuum-assisted resin infusion microwave curing (VARIMC) technique. Composites were fabricated with SSP loadings of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt%. The composites underwent mechanical characterizations (tensile, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and Izod impact) and thermal characterizations (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)), followed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Mechanical characterization revealed improvements of 19%, 20%, and 40% in tensile, ILSS, and impact strengths at 2, 1.5, and 2.5 wt% SSP, reaching maximum values of 376 MPa, 30 MPa, and 87 kJ/m2, respectively, compared to the neat composite. The incorporation of 1.5 wt% SSP demonstrated a 28 °C increase in the onset degradation temperature, as confirmed by TGA and a cross-linked epoxy network, as evidenced by DSC. DMA showed 34% and 12% increases in storage and loss modulus of SSP-reinforced GFRPCs than the neat composite. Furthermore, micro-CT analysis revealed the presence of micro-voids within the neat composite. The authors concluded that SSP incorporation significantly improves thermo-mechanical performance at optimum concentrations. However, the synergistic integration of SSP with the VARIMC technique enhances composite performance and sustainability, demonstrating strong potential for marine applications.