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<p>The development of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) has garnered significant attention as a promising solution for harvesting ambient mechanical energy. However, achieving optimal voltage output remains a challenge, extensive studies are lacking on nanofiber diameter which can play a crucial role on the efficiency of PENG. This study experimentally examined to determine the impact of nanofiber diameter on the output voltage of PENG. Barium titanate and Polyvinyl Alcohol (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/PVA) composite with optimized solution of 22.5% w/v were utilized to fabricate which displayed the excellent uniformity and morphological traits. The advanced electrospinning technique was opted for fabrication, offering precise control over fiber morphology and tunable diameter, enabling the production of multiple nanofiber mats. The diameter, structural, and morphological characteristics of nanofiber mats were characterized with SEM. The tetragonal crystalline structural properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> were identified with XRD analysis from the BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/PVA composite. The fabricated Nanofiber mats were subsequently integrated into PENG devices with an active area of 3 × 3cm<sup>2</sup>. The optimal device, with an average nanofiber diameter of 462&#xa0;nm, exhibited a maximum open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 148&#xa0;V, a short-circuit current (I<sub>sc</sub>) of 14.37&#xa0;μA, and a power density of 1&#xa0;mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at a 6&#xa0;MΩ load resistance. This device also successfully powered light-emitting diodes (LEDs), demonstrating its practical utility. This research contributes to improve the energy efficiency in the development of PENGs, cost reduction and could be utilized in various applications like IoT devices, self-powered energy harvesting devices and wearable electronics.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Experimental Investigation of Nanofiber Diameter Impact on Output Voltage in BaTiO3-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Shoaib Waqas,
  • Arfa Asif,
  • Tayyaba Bashir,
  • Gul Hassan,
  • Ahmed Shuja

摘要

The development of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) has garnered significant attention as a promising solution for harvesting ambient mechanical energy. However, achieving optimal voltage output remains a challenge, extensive studies are lacking on nanofiber diameter which can play a crucial role on the efficiency of PENG. This study experimentally examined to determine the impact of nanofiber diameter on the output voltage of PENG. Barium titanate and Polyvinyl Alcohol (BaTiO3/PVA) composite with optimized solution of 22.5% w/v were utilized to fabricate which displayed the excellent uniformity and morphological traits. The advanced electrospinning technique was opted for fabrication, offering precise control over fiber morphology and tunable diameter, enabling the production of multiple nanofiber mats. The diameter, structural, and morphological characteristics of nanofiber mats were characterized with SEM. The tetragonal crystalline structural properties of BaTiO3 were identified with XRD analysis from the BaTiO3/PVA composite. The fabricated Nanofiber mats were subsequently integrated into PENG devices with an active area of 3 × 3cm2. The optimal device, with an average nanofiber diameter of 462 nm, exhibited a maximum open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 148 V, a short-circuit current (Isc) of 14.37 μA, and a power density of 1 mW/cm2 at a 6 MΩ load resistance. This device also successfully powered light-emitting diodes (LEDs), demonstrating its practical utility. This research contributes to improve the energy efficiency in the development of PENGs, cost reduction and could be utilized in various applications like IoT devices, self-powered energy harvesting devices and wearable electronics.

Graphical Abstract