<p>In this paper, our aim is to prove the existence of normalized ground state for the following Schrödinger systems with potentials <Equation ID="Equ145"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned}{\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u_1+V_1(x)u_1+\lambda _1 u_1=\partial _1 G(u_1,u_2)\;\quad &amp; \hbox {in}\;{\mathbb {R}}^N,\\ -\Delta u_2+V_2(x)u_2+\lambda _2 u_2=\partial _2G(u_1,u_2)\;\quad &amp; \hbox {in}\;{\mathbb {R}}^N,\\ 0&lt;u_1,u_2\in H^1({\mathbb {R}}^N), N\ge 1,\\ \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N}u_1^2 \textrm{d} x=a_1, \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N}u_2^2 \textrm{d} x=a_2. \end{array}\right. }\end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>The potentials <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_1(x),V_2(x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are general such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\inf \text {ess}~\sigma (-\Delta +V_\iota )&gt;-\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo movablelimits="true">inf</mo> <mtext>ess</mtext> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>ι</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which are allowed to be singular at some points. And the nonlinearities <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G(u_1,u_2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are considered of the form <Equation ID="Equ146"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} G(u_1, u_2):=\sum _{i=1}^{\ell }\frac{\mu _i}{p_i}|u_1|^{p_i}+\sum _{j=1}^{m}\frac{\nu _j}{q_j}|u_2|^{q_j}+\sum _{k=1}^{n}\beta _k |u_1|^{r_{1,k}}|u_2|^{r_{2,k}},~~\ell ,m,n\in {\mathbb {N}}^+_0,\\ \mu _i, \nu _j,\beta _k&gt;0, ~2&lt;r_{1,k}+r_{2,k}, p_i, q_j&lt;2+\frac{4}{N}, ~r_{1,k}, r_{2,k}&gt;1, \\ i=1,2,\cdots , \ell ; j=1,2,\cdots , m; k=1,2,\cdots , n. \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msubsup> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msubsup> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>;</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>;</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>Under the mass sub-critical assumption, the normalized ground states are obtained as the minimum of the functional <i>J</i> on the manifold <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{a_1,a_2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Since the functional is not weak lower semi-continuous, to prove the minimizing problem is achievable, the key step is establishing the strict sub-additive inequality. Among its main ingredients is the study of the sharp decay of the positive solutions and the interaction estimates.</p>

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Sharp interaction estimates and their application: existence of normalized ground states to coupled Schrödinger systems with potentials

  • Yinbin Deng,
  • Qihan He,
  • Xuexiu Zhong

摘要

In this paper, our aim is to prove the existence of normalized ground state for the following Schrödinger systems with potentials \(\begin{aligned}{\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u_1+V_1(x)u_1+\lambda _1 u_1=\partial _1 G(u_1,u_2)\;\quad & \hbox {in}\;{\mathbb {R}}^N,\\ -\Delta u_2+V_2(x)u_2+\lambda _2 u_2=\partial _2G(u_1,u_2)\;\quad & \hbox {in}\;{\mathbb {R}}^N,\\ 0<u_1,u_2\in H^1({\mathbb {R}}^N), N\ge 1,\\ \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N}u_1^2 \textrm{d} x=a_1, \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^N}u_2^2 \textrm{d} x=a_2. \end{array}\right. }\end{aligned}\) - Δ u 1 + V 1 ( x ) u 1 + λ 1 u 1 = 1 G ( u 1 , u 2 ) in R N , - Δ u 2 + V 2 ( x ) u 2 + λ 2 u 2 = 2 G ( u 1 , u 2 ) in R N , 0 < u 1 , u 2 H 1 ( R N ) , N 1 , R N u 1 2 d x = a 1 , R N u 2 2 d x = a 2 . The potentials \(V_1(x),V_2(x)\) V 1 ( x ) , V 2 ( x ) are general such that \(\inf \text {ess}~\sigma (-\Delta +V_\iota )>-\infty \) inf ess σ ( - Δ + V ι ) > - , which are allowed to be singular at some points. And the nonlinearities \(G(u_1,u_2)\) G ( u 1 , u 2 ) are considered of the form \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} G(u_1, u_2):=\sum _{i=1}^{\ell }\frac{\mu _i}{p_i}|u_1|^{p_i}+\sum _{j=1}^{m}\frac{\nu _j}{q_j}|u_2|^{q_j}+\sum _{k=1}^{n}\beta _k |u_1|^{r_{1,k}}|u_2|^{r_{2,k}},~~\ell ,m,n\in {\mathbb {N}}^+_0,\\ \mu _i, \nu _j,\beta _k>0, ~2<r_{1,k}+r_{2,k}, p_i, q_j<2+\frac{4}{N}, ~r_{1,k}, r_{2,k}>1, \\ i=1,2,\cdots , \ell ; j=1,2,\cdots , m; k=1,2,\cdots , n. \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) G ( u 1 , u 2 ) : = i = 1 μ i p i | u 1 | p i + j = 1 m ν j q j | u 2 | q j + k = 1 n β k | u 1 | r 1 , k | u 2 | r 2 , k , , m , n N 0 + , μ i , ν j , β k > 0 , 2 < r 1 , k + r 2 , k , p i , q j < 2 + 4 N , r 1 , k , r 2 , k > 1 , i = 1 , 2 , , ; j = 1 , 2 , , m ; k = 1 , 2 , , n . Under the mass sub-critical assumption, the normalized ground states are obtained as the minimum of the functional J on the manifold \(S_{a_1,a_2}\) S a 1 , a 2 . Since the functional is not weak lower semi-continuous, to prove the minimizing problem is achievable, the key step is establishing the strict sub-additive inequality. Among its main ingredients is the study of the sharp decay of the positive solutions and the interaction estimates.