<p>Pro and the third author showed that there are Riemannian submersions <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi : M \rightarrow B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <i>M</i> a compact manifold with positive Ricci curvature, whose base <i>B</i>, has Ricci curvatures with both signs. Thus, Riemannian submersions need not preserve positive Ricci curvature. In this note we establish the degree to which this result extends into the setting of positive intermediate Ricci curvature. It is an immediate consequence of the Gray–O’Neill Equation that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi : M\rightarrow B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a Riemannian submersion whose base is <i>b</i>-dimensional and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Ric}_{k}(M) &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Ric</mtext> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k \in \{ 1,2,\cdots , b-1\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \textrm{Ric}_{k}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Ric</mtext> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is also positive. Here we show that this observation is optimal in the following strong sense: For <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k \ge \textrm{dim}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mtext>dim</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, let <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi : (M,g_M) \rightarrow (B,g_B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a Riemannian submersion from a complete Riemannian manifold with <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Ric}_{k}(M) &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Ric</mtext> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show how to perturb <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g_M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>M</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-topology to produce a Riemannian submersion <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi : (M,\tilde{g}_M) \rightarrow (B,\tilde{g}_B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mi>M</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose total space has <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Ric}_{k} &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Ric</mtext> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, but whose base has Ricci curvature of both signs. In particular, this shows that Riemannian submersions that do not preserve positive Ricci curvature are dense in the <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-topology among the complete metrics on <i>M</i> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Ric}&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Ric</mtext> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for which a given submersion <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi : M\rightarrow B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is Riemannian.</p>

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Do Riemannian Submersions Preserve Positive Intermediate Ricci Curvature?

  • Hasan M. El-Hasan,
  • Russell Phelan,
  • Frederick Wilhelm

摘要

Pro and the third author showed that there are Riemannian submersions \(\pi : M \rightarrow B\) π : M B with M a compact manifold with positive Ricci curvature, whose base B, has Ricci curvatures with both signs. Thus, Riemannian submersions need not preserve positive Ricci curvature. In this note we establish the degree to which this result extends into the setting of positive intermediate Ricci curvature. It is an immediate consequence of the Gray–O’Neill Equation that if \(\pi : M\rightarrow B\) π : M B is a Riemannian submersion whose base is b-dimensional and \(\textrm{Ric}_{k}(M) >0\) Ric k ( M ) > 0 for any \(k \in \{ 1,2,\cdots , b-1\}\) k { 1 , 2 , , b - 1 } , then \( \textrm{Ric}_{k}(B)\) Ric k ( B ) is also positive. Here we show that this observation is optimal in the following strong sense: For \(k \ge \textrm{dim}(B)\) k dim ( B ) , let \(\pi : (M,g_M) \rightarrow (B,g_B)\) π : ( M , g M ) ( B , g B ) be a Riemannian submersion from a complete Riemannian manifold with \(\textrm{Ric}_{k}(M) >0\) Ric k ( M ) > 0 . We show how to perturb \(g_M\) g M in the \(C^1\) C 1 -topology to produce a Riemannian submersion \(\pi : (M,\tilde{g}_M) \rightarrow (B,\tilde{g}_B)\) π : ( M , g ~ M ) ( B , g ~ B ) whose total space has \(\textrm{Ric}_{k} >0\) Ric k > 0 , but whose base has Ricci curvature of both signs. In particular, this shows that Riemannian submersions that do not preserve positive Ricci curvature are dense in the \(C^1\) C 1 -topology among the complete metrics on M with \(\textrm{Ric}>0\) Ric > 0 for which a given submersion \(\pi : M\rightarrow B\) π : M B is Riemannian.