<p>Under an ellipse-shaped potential, that is, the bottom of the trapping potential <i>V</i>(<i>x</i>) is an ellipse, we consider a minimization problem for the energy functional associated with a Gross-Pitaevskii equation in bounded domains <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb R^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which arises in the study of an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate. It has been shown that there exists a constant <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta ^{*}&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mi>β</mi> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that minimizers exist if and only if <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;\beta &lt;\beta ^{*}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mi>β</mi> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In the present paper, on one hand, we prove that if the interior of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contains the endpoints of the major axis of the ellipse-shaped bottom, the mass of minimizers must concentrate at an inner point of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta \nearrow \beta ^{*}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>↗</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mi>β</mi> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. On the other hand, if all endpoints of major axis of the ellipse-shaped bottom locate at the boundary of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we prove that the mass of minimizers must concentrate near the boundary of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2159_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta \nearrow \beta ^{*}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>↗</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mi>β</mi> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Mass concentration for Bose-Einstein condensate with ellipse-shaped potential in bounded domains

  • Helin Guo,
  • Wenjing Yan,
  • Lingling Zhao

摘要

Under an ellipse-shaped potential, that is, the bottom of the trapping potential V(x) is an ellipse, we consider a minimization problem for the energy functional associated with a Gross-Pitaevskii equation in bounded domains \(\Omega \subset \mathbb R^2\) Ω R 2 , which arises in the study of an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate. It has been shown that there exists a constant \(\beta ^{*}>0\) β > 0 such that minimizers exist if and only if \(0<\beta <\beta ^{*}\) 0 < β < β . In the present paper, on one hand, we prove that if the interior of \(\Omega \) Ω contains the endpoints of the major axis of the ellipse-shaped bottom, the mass of minimizers must concentrate at an inner point of \(\Omega \) Ω as \(\beta \nearrow \beta ^{*}\) β β . On the other hand, if all endpoints of major axis of the ellipse-shaped bottom locate at the boundary of \(\Omega \) Ω , we prove that the mass of minimizers must concentrate near the boundary of \(\Omega \) Ω as \(\beta \nearrow \beta ^{*}\) β β .