<p>The paper focuses on the conformal Lorentz geometry of quasi-umbilical timelike surfaces in the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2105_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((1+2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Einstein universe, the conformal compactification of Minkowski 3-space realized as the space of oriented null lines through the origin of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2105_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{2,3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. A timelike immersion of a surface <i>X</i> in the Einstein universe is quasi-umbilical if its shape operator at any point of <i>X</i> is non-diagonalizable over <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2105_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove that quasi-umbilical surfaces are isothermic, that their conformal deformations depend on one arbitrary function in one variable, and show that their conformal Gauss map is harmonic. We investigate their geometric structure and show how to construct all quasi-umbilical surfaces from null curves in the 4-dimensional neutral space form <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2105_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="212" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S^{2,2}=\{x\in \mathbb {R}^{2,3} \mid \langle x,x\rangle =1 \}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>∣</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Conformal Geometry of Quasi-Umbilical Timelike Surfaces

  • Emilio Musso,
  • Lorenzo Nicolodi,
  • Mason Pember

摘要

The paper focuses on the conformal Lorentz geometry of quasi-umbilical timelike surfaces in the \((1+2)\) ( 1 + 2 ) -Einstein universe, the conformal compactification of Minkowski 3-space realized as the space of oriented null lines through the origin of \(\mathbb {R}^{2,3}\) R 2 , 3 . A timelike immersion of a surface X in the Einstein universe is quasi-umbilical if its shape operator at any point of X is non-diagonalizable over \(\mathbb {C}\) C . We prove that quasi-umbilical surfaces are isothermic, that their conformal deformations depend on one arbitrary function in one variable, and show that their conformal Gauss map is harmonic. We investigate their geometric structure and show how to construct all quasi-umbilical surfaces from null curves in the 4-dimensional neutral space form \(S^{2,2}=\{x\in \mathbb {R}^{2,3} \mid \langle x,x\rangle =1 \}\) S 2 , 2 = { x R 2 , 3 x , x = 1 } .